影响总氮测定的关键因素研究

为了解决水质分析中总氮测定的实际问题,应用GB 11894—1989《碱性过硫酸钾氧化紫外分光光度法》,从总氮测定方法的原理出发,探讨了影响总氮测定的关键因素。结果表明:在标准分析方法的基础上,要提高水样总氮分析的准确度,可采用50 mL优质比色管进行消解,选用优级纯的过硫酸钾,消解后的冷却时间需延长至2 h。     

生活垃圾填埋场填埋气中汞的分布特征

利用Tekran 2537A和Lumex RA-915汞分析仪分别对生活垃圾填埋场排气筒、填埋场内部的气态总汞变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,填埋场排气筒中气态总汞含量呈现明显的昼夜变化规律,白天高于夜间,并于午间达到峰值。气象条件对汞的释放过程有重要影响,光照强度与排气筒中气态总汞含量的相关性明显。受填埋场内部物理、化学、生物作用的影响,填埋场内部填埋气的汞浓度明显高于排气筒中填埋气的汞浓度。填埋场内部气态总汞变化规律为:植被覆盖区域明显低于无植被覆盖区域,表明有效的绿化措施对于控制填埋场汞污染具有重要意义。     

Hydrogeochemical study of the drinking water from the Khaybar village,SW Saudi Arabia

This paper presents the results of chemical analysis of four drinking waters from the Khaybar village, SW Saudi Arabia. Four main water‐wells in the Khaybar village were investigated. The Khaybar ground water is clear without odour but its taste differs according to the amount of total dissolved solids (T.D.S.). The pH values of such water are slightly alkaline. T.D.S. of the Khaybar water is higher than the Saudi highest desired level, but it is generally within the Saudi maximum permissible level.

Good drinking quality water can be found in Al Mazaab and Al Tilah water‐wells in the Khaybar village. The other two water‐wells can be used for irrigation purposes only.

The geological features of the Khaybar area suggest a meteoric origin for the Khaybar ground water which has been stored in the fractured metamorphic and igneous rocks and in alluvial deposits.     

Photolysis of 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1, 1 ‐Dimethylurea (Diuron) in dilute aqueous solution

Diuron samples at 40mg/L concentration were photolyzed with ultraviolet lamps and with natural sunlight to determine if data from ultraviolet lamp photolysis could be used to predict results from sunlight photolysis. Seven photoproducts were identified from the photolysis experiments. The identified photoproducts and the photoproduct yields were essentially the same for the two light sources.     

焦化厂不同粒径土壤中PAHs的赋存特征

为分析典型焦化污染场地不同粒径土壤中PAHs的累积及其与土壤有机碳含量（TOC）、比表面积（SA）等土壤性质的相关性,对北京焦化厂长期受PAHs污染的土壤进行粒度分级[P1（0.5~1.0 mm）、P2（0.25~0.5 mm）、P3（0.15~0.25 mm）、P4（0.106~0.15 mm）、P5（0.075~0.106 mm）、P6（<0.075 mm）],测定了各粒径土壤的理化性质及土壤中USEPA优先控制的16种PAHs的浓度,探究PAHs在不同粒径土壤中的累积特征,并通过PAHs质量分数及土壤部分理化性质的曲线拟合结果分析PAHs的赋存特征。结果表明：各粒径土壤中16种PAHs均有检出,其最高质量分数大多出现在P1粒径土样,最低质量分数出现在 P4、P5中。各粒径土壤中2~3（低）环 PAHs、ΣPAHs16质量分数变化趋势相似,均为 P1>P2>P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05),4（中）、5~6（高）环PAHs趋势类似,均为P1、P2>P3>P6>P4、P5(P<0.05)。比表面积（SA）、总有机碳（TOC）、可溶解性有机碳（DOC）与各类PAHs的质量分数呈现一定的相关性,各类PAHs质量分数随SA的增大呈先增大随后减小趋势,最大质量分数所对应的SA为38~41 m2·g-1,随TOC的增加呈先减小随后增大趋势,最小质量分数所对应的TOC为7.0~8.7 g·kg-1。不同粒径土壤颗粒中,基于污染物毒性当量因子（TEF）的等效质量分数与污染物实际质量分数变化趋势并不相同,ΣPAHs16实际质量分数变化趋势为P1>P2、P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05),而其等效质量分数则为P1、P2、P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05)。     

Performance of an ANAMMOX reactor treating wastewater generated by antibiotic and starch production processes

A pilot-scale anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor was used to treat mixed wastewater resulting from a chlortetracycline and starch production process. The results, collected over the course of 272 days, show that the ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite, pH, and temperature can all affect the efficiency of nitrogen removal. The ratio of influent ammonium to nitrite was maintained at about 1:1 at a concentration below 200 mg·L^-1 for both influent ammonium and nitrite. The total nitrogen (TN) loading rate was 0.15–0.30 kgN·m^-3·d^-1, pH remained at 7.8–8.5, and temperature was recorded at 33±1°C. The rate of removal of ammonia, nitrite, and TN were over 90%, 90%, and 80%, and the effluent ammonium, nitrite and TN concentrations were below 50, 30, and 100 mg·L^-1.     

北部湾潮间带波纹巴非蛤体内石油烃和多氯联苯的分布及风险评价

2011年春季在北部湾沿岸潮间带布设9个站位,采集双壳类动物波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)并测定其软组织中的石油烃(TPH)和多氯联苯(PCBs)含量,研究两种污染物的分布特征、评价其生物质量并对巴非蛤体内残留PCBs可能造成的人体健康风险进行评价.结果表明,各站位TPH和∑PCBs含量范围分别为56.76—199.49μg.g-1和14.19—52.71 ng.g-1(干质量(dw)),就PCBs的组成而言,高氯代PCBs(PCB153、PCB180、PCB194)为优势同族体,所占比重较大.污染指数计算结果显示,除北海西场海域外,各站位的巴非蛤均受到TPH的重度污染,港口区尤为严重;而所有站位的巴非蛤均未受到PCBs污染.健康风险评价结果显示,所有站位的巴非蛤体内PCBs的非致癌风险处于可接受水平(RQ<1),但是,大多数站位的致癌风险指数(0.83×10-6—3.53×10-6)高于可接受的致癌风险低值(1×10-6),而存在一定的潜在致癌风险.     

油田储油罐非甲烷总挥发实验及仿真模拟

针对油田单井拉油罐非密封生产带来的油气泄漏问题,建立小型原油储油罐挥发损耗实验模拟平台,通过气相色谱法探究各因素对其损耗的影响,利用Fluent仿真软件模拟储油罐的泄漏扩散。结果表明:储液温度和有无风环境对储油罐非甲烷总烃(NMHC)挥发影响较大,储液高度和环境温度对其影响较小;仿真模拟无风环境下,储油罐泄漏口短时间内存在油气积聚现象;有风环境下,当风速为1 m/s,油气积聚不明显;随风速增大,扩散浓度场面积不断增大,油品损耗量增大,在风速为5 m/s的环境下,扩散300 s时的浓度场面积相比扩散200 s时较小,但泄漏口处的油气积聚面积增大。     

轨迹烟流模式计算方法

集合了高斯烟流模式和烟团模式的优点,提出一个新的模型———轨迹烟流模式,既保留了烟流模式计算简单,计算结果连续的特点,又可以根据当时风场,确定不同的烟流轨迹,模拟烟团的弯曲、折回和重叠运动,分段进行计算,提高了计算的准确性扩大了模式应用范围。     

湿度对空气质量监测中总悬浮颗粒物量值的影响

通过对空气湿度与总悬浮颗粒物之间关系的分析,得出平衡修正系数,提高了总悬浮颗粒物测定结果的准确性和时效性。