模拟状态下高尔夫球场果岭区域土壤氮磷浸出物对铁岗水库水质影响研究

通过采集高尔夫球场即将淹没的果岭土壤进行实验室条件下的模拟库基样品试验,对水库扩容后蓄水初期水质的变化情况进行了研究.结果表明:库水所含主要成分pH、高锰酸钾盐指数、总氮、总磷、氨氮和硝酸盐氮分别为7.4(mg/L)、30.8(mg/L)、1.16(mg/L)、1.189(mg/L)、0.21(mg/L)和0.11(mg/L);果岭20 cm土层库基土样pH、有机质、硝酸盐氮、氨态氮和有效磷分别为6.41(mg/kg)、10.29(mg/kg)、25.48(mg/kg)、25.76(mg/kg)和140.77(mg/kg).现有库基成分会改变库水高锰酸钾盐指标的升高.库水本身的总磷和总氮含量就严重超标.果岭库基本身的磷氮含量也很高.浸泡后果岭库基土样对降低浸出物总磷的严重超标起到了对冲的作用,致使总磷含量大为降低.     

Floodplain Trapping and Cycling Compared to Streambank Erosion of Sediment and Nutrients in an Agricultural Watershed

Floodplains and streambanks can positively and negatively influence downstream water quality through interacting geomorphic and biogeochemical processes. Few studies have measured those processes in agricultural watersheds. We measured inputs (floodplain sedimentation and dissolved inorganic loading), cycling (floodplain soil nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P] mineralization), and losses (bank erosion) of sediment, N, and P longitudinally in stream reaches of Smith Creek, an agricultural watershed in the Valley and Ridge physiographic province. All study reaches were net depositional (floodplain deposition > bank erosion), had high N and P sedimentation and loading rates to the floodplain, high soil concentrations of N and P, and high rates of floodplain soil N and P mineralization. High sediment, N, and P inputs to floodplains are attributed to agricultural activity in the region. Rates of P mineralization were much greater than those measured in other studies of nontidal floodplains that used the same method. Floodplain connectivity and sediment deposition decreased longitudinally, contrary to patterns in most watersheds. The net trapping function of Smith Creek floodplains indicates a benefit to water quality. Further research is needed to determine if future decreases in floodplain deposition, continued bank erosion, and the potential for nitrate leaching from nutrient‐enriched floodplain soils could pose a long‐term source of sediment and nutrients to downstream rivers.     

Microbial bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the sediments of Lake Shankou, Northeastern China

Dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions.The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments,activated sludge and compost products were examined.The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17% ± 1.58% and 98.14% ±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations,respectively.After 25 days of incubation at 25°C,most DON(59% to 96%)was degraded.Hydrophilic DON exhibited a higher reduction rate than hydrophobic DON during the growth phase.Untreated wastewater from Changshuihe town was the main degradable DON source to station N4,and 93% of hydrophilic DON and 80% of hydrophobic DON were degraded.Station N14 received a large amount of refractory DON from forest soils and exhibited DON degradation rates of 82% and 71% for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions,respectively.Amino acid contents and fluorescence intensities were also analyzed.Approximately 27% to 74% of amino acids were taken up by day 5,and their concentration gradually increased in the following days due to the decomposition of dissolved proteins.Parallel factor analysis resulted in identification of tryptophan-like proteins,tyrosine-like proteins and FA-like substances.During the growth phase,40%–51% of the tryptophan-like proteins were taken up by bacteria,and the accumulation of tyrosine-like proteins was attributed to the release of biotic substances.The concentration of the FA-like substances decreased due to microbial decomposition.     

成都市中心城区春季大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)的污染特征研究

于2012年5月11日至5月15日同时对成都中心城区及其大气环境监测对照点都江堰灵岩寺大气PM2.5进行采集,并分析其中的化学组分。研究结果表明:成都市中心城区PM2.5的总体质量浓度大于灵岩寺,且各化学组分的质量浓度也均大于灵岩寺。两站点PM2.5中OC/EC均大于2,有2次有机碳的存在;中心城区WSOC和TN日均浓度大于灵岩寺,同时发现中心城区TN日变化趋势与灵岩寺一致,WSOC变化不明显;水溶性二次离子(SO2-4、NO-3和NH+4)浓度相对较高,中心城区SO2-4/NO-3值比灵岩寺小,说明成都市机动车尾气是主要排放源。     

改性粘土预处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)对粘土进行改性,通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析技术对改性粘土进行表征,分析作用机理;并将改性粘土用于垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的处理,对处理过程的吸附热力学和动力学性能进行研究。研究表明:粘土经过改性后,改性粘土的层间间距增大了0.754 nm;在303.15 K,313.15 K,333.15 K不同温度下,粘土吸附渗滤液中氨氮的平衡的时间为50 min左右,改性后的粘土吸附效果比原土提高了大约2~3倍;改性粘土对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型;吸附过程标准摩尔吉布斯自由能△G~θ在-0.127 kJ/mol^-0.080 kJ/mol范围内,标准摩尔焓变△H~θ<0,吸附反应过程均属自发的放热过程;吸附动力学数据符合准二级动力学方程和粒子内扩散方程。     

纳滤膜去除卡马西平的影响因素研究

主要研究了纳滤膜去除饮用水中卡马西平(CBZ)的影响因素.首先比较了膜NF270和NF90去除CBZ的效果,发现孔径较小的NF90对CBZ的去除效果远优于孔径较大的NF270.其次考察了CBZ初始浓度、pH值、离子强度和水温对去除率的影响.结果表明,pH值的降低,钙离子浓度的提高以及水温的提高会导致CBZ去除率的降低....     

智能化控制SBBR处理不同C/N城市污水脱氮除磷性能研究

采用自主研发的智能化控制系统,以智能化控制的运行方式使序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)形成交替运行的好氧-缺氧环境,对不同C/N人工模拟城市污水进行了脱氮磷实验研究.该实验中控制反应器内水温为25℃±1℃,曝气量为150 L/h,进水COD浓度为300 mg/L、TP浓度为5 mg/L,以TN浓度为30、60、90 mg...     

A^2O脱氮除磷工艺及其变型工艺比较分析

传统的A2O工艺及其变型工艺,由于工艺流程简单、控制方便、运行费用低等特点,目前仍广泛应用于污水处理的脱氮除磷。对传统的A2O工艺及其变型工艺的原理和特点进行了系统归纳和比较分析。     

清洁生产审核在氮肥企业的应用

某氮肥企业通过开展清洁生产审核,确定以节水、减少废水及水污染物排放量为目标,将企业供排水系统作为本轮清洁生产审核的重点,针对审核重点制定了定量的清洁生产审核目标,通过清洁生产方案的实施实现了环境效益、社会效益与经济效益的统一,为氮肥企业实施清洁生产提供了良好的借鉴。     

四丰山水库富营养化状况

通过对四丰山水库2006至2010年监测数据的统计,分析水库水质富营养化状况,指出水质富营养化的危害,并提出避免水质恶化的建议.