基于双向门控循环单元的地表水氨氮预测

为提高水环境中NH4+-N的预测精度,提出了一种互补完全集合经验模式分解(CCEEMDAN)和双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)神经网络的混合预测模型(CCB).首先,通过CCEEMDAN将NH4+-N数据分解成一系列较为简单的模态成份;然后利用BiGRU神经网络对各成份进行预测,将所有分解成份的预测结果相加即可获得最终预...     

建设项目环境影响评价中污染物排放总量控制评价方法

本文提出了在建设项目环境影响评价中关于污染物排放总量控制评价所应包含的内容,介绍了清洁生产纳入环评中的方法,确定了在技术经济合理,污染物排放满足环境质量与排放标准前提下的排放总量,并对其合理性论证方法做了介绍,提出总量控制目标实现的对策。     

珠江流域河流碳输出通量及变化特征

研究河流碳运移对于研究全球碳循环以及探讨河流对全球气候变化的响应机制具有重要意义.2012年4月和7月选取珠江主流及支流11个代表性断面,分析悬浮颗粒物和碳组分的空间分布和季节变化,同时选取博罗、石角和高要这3个主控断面,对珠江流域的碳通量和侵蚀模数进行了估算.结果表明,珠江流域悬浮颗粒物(TSS)、颗粒有机碳(POC)以及溶解有机碳(DOC)随雨季的到来而质量浓度升高,西江上游TSS和POC的质量浓度增加显著;珠江流域河流碳的4种组分中,溶解无机碳(DIC)的所占质量分数最高,且西江、北江的DIC质量浓度明显高于东江;西江、北江和东江河流中外源POC分别占78%、72%和26%,三大支流的POC均受上游C3植物的影响;珠江流域的TSS、总碳(TC)、POC、颗粒无机碳(PIC)、DOC、DIC、以及颗粒碳(TPC)、总有机碳(TOC)的入海通量分别为134×1012、12.69×1012、2.50×1012、1.01×1012、1.13×1012、8.05×1012、3.51×1012和3.65×1012g·a-1,对应的侵蚀模数分别为:309×106、28.98×106、5.75×106、2.27×106、2.56×106、18.4×106、8.02×106和8.31×106g·(km2.a)-1.与全球主要河流碳侵蚀模数相比,珠江流域河流DOC、POC和TOC的侵蚀模数均高于全球平均值.     

生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的调控

本文对益母草进行了没生长调节物质的田间喷施处理,追踪生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的影响效应。     

INTEGRATING SOCIAL BENEFIT COST ACCOUNTING INTO WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS1

ABSTRACT: Successful watershed management requires consideration of multiple objectives and the efficient use of scarce public and private resources. One way to address these multi-faceted issues is through Social Benefit-Cost Accounting (SBCA). SBCA is a systematic method of addressing complex social and economic issues relevant to proposed watershed management projects. Benefits of using this technique include: benefits and costs of watershed projects are better understood; politically sensitive issues tend to be put into perspective; and stakeholders' interests are placed on a level playing field. An example from Bogota, Colombia demonstrates how SBCA can be used to value the benefits and costs of a proposed project. By addressing the benefits and costs to all stakeholders, the design of watershed management programs can be improved to achieve goals in a cost-effective manner.     

BENEFITS FROM MANAGING FARM PRODUCED NUTRIENTS1

Manures and fertilizers are applied to agricultural lands in excess of recommended amounts, resulting in widespread pollution of surface and ground water and contributing a substantial source of greenhouse gases associated with global warming. By developing policies that exploit the value of farm produced nutrients, input costs can be minimized. Better accounting for or crediting of farm produced nutrients is leading to economically beneficial conservation of fertilizer. In addition, hog producers who own enough land may benefit from properly managing manure nutrients. Poultry litter is valuable as fertilizer and can be marketed by independent dealers to farmers in nutrient deficit areas, with very modest assistance from the government. Dairy producers may modify their past income support programs to finance central compost facilities. Although nutrient problems were neglected in the past, recent Federal initiatives and joint initiatives with states exploit many of these and other opportunities to avoid excessive application of nutrients to the land.     

珠穆朗玛峰北坡绒布冰川区水体的化学特征

１９９７－０５在珠峰地区绒布冰川采集的４类水样的实测资料表明,本区各类水体都呈碱性,ＰＨ值的大小顺序为：湖水〉湖水〉表层雪。河水和湖水的阴离子以ＳＯ＾２－４为最大,而表层雪样品以Ｃｌ－最大;     

渤海莱州湾沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量

为了解不同条件下沉积物中有机物对水体无机氮的贡献,采用野外采样和现场培养法,在１９９７－０５和１９９７－０７莱州湾２个航次进行了沉积物－水界面营养盐扩散通量的实验研究,ＮＯ－３和ＮＨ＋４的扩散通量分别为０．０３８—３．６５ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）和０．９６—２．５２ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）．培养结果说明充氮或充空气与加氯化汞或不加氯化汞对沉积物－水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量没有明显影响．莱州湾底部营养盐的扩散通量与其它地区比较处于中等偏上水平．     

热带亚热带多雨湿润区旱地土壤氮肥淋溶损失模拟研究

用土柱研究旱地土壤60cm土体夏季的氮肥淋溶损失,结果表明,在土壤施尿素后35d内淋水350mm,在不产生泾流的条件下,淋失率平均为25．5％。还探讨了氮肥淋溶过程中的氮形态变化,以及施氮量和土层深度对氮肥淋浴损失的影响。     

种稻土壤CH4排放规律的研究

通过盆栽试验研究了水稻生长期CH4排放的规律。结果表明,CH4排放存在明显的日变化,最大值出现在下午4点左右,最小值出现在凌晨4点左右。土壤温度的变化是导致CH4排放日变化的主要因素。水稻生长期CH4排放的季节变化受前茬季节作物种植及稻草还田时间的显著影响。前茬季节种植紫云英及休闲且水稻移栽前施用稻草处理在水稻生长初期即有大量CH4排放,且在水稻生长的前期、中期和后期分别出现3个CH4排放峰;前茬季节种植小麦和休闲且在前茬季节前施用稻草处理的,直至水稻生长的中期才有少量CH4排放。烤田期间CH4的排放峰值出现在土壤呈微于松软状态时;烤田至土壤干裂时,CH4排放通量降至零。