Study of prediction for groundwater contamination in wastewater land treatment system

This paper uses a prediction model of groundwater pollution based on the experiments in the laboratory and in field .The model, which was tested and calibrated by the field observated data ,satisfactorily simulated the field conditions in land treatment system of wastewater . Particularly , the model can provide the reliable pollution prediction of heavy metals , organisms and nitrogen . The model was used to predict the groundwater pollution caused by the land treatment system in the region of North China . The calibration of the model showed that correlation coefficients between the tested and predictive data of Cr6+. As3+, organism and NH4+ could reach 0.990, which proved that the model possessed the realistic instructive significance for design and use of wastewater land treatment systems .     

水稻烤田期间N2O排放及其影响因素

水稻田间实验研究了烤田期间的土壤温度、Eh、含水量和裂缝基本性质,矿质态氮以及与氮有关的酶活性的演变规律,及其对N2O排放的影响.试验表明,在水稻分蘖期间烤田,N2O有一个排放高峰,其最高值可达75.6μg·m-2·h-1.在排放高峰后,即使继续烤田,N2O的排放值也将降低.N2O排放与尿素氮肥的施用量没有明显关系.裂缝的生成,改变了N2O的日排放规律.随着烤田时间的延长,脲酶和羟胺还原酶活性呈波动变化,硝酸还原酶活性递减,亚硝酸还原酶活性极低.硝酸还原酶活性与N2O排放之间没有显著相关性.土壤中的脲酶活性与N2O日排放通量呈显著的线性正相关.在烤田期间,NO-3含量呈增加趋势.土壤中的硝态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著正线性关系.土壤中的铵态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著负线性相关.     

浅谈原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用

本文介绍了原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用情况和重要性。分析了原子吸收光度法（包括石墨炉法）与ICP-AES（电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法），原子荧光法，极谱法在分析元素时各自的优缺点，又从目前环境监测的角度阐述了应用原子吸收分光度计的重要性与现实性。分析了原子吸收分光广度计在使用中的常见问题及原子吸收分光广度法分析中常出现的问题（从仪器、方法角度分别讲述）。并提出了原子吸收分光度计要进一步应适应环境监测的需求。     

阜新市城区大气环境容量核算结果及其应用

根据大量模式化参数，通过核算，得出了阜新市城区普通空气污染物的环境容量，给出了城区各分区及每个网格的分解量，应用这些成果，将对老污染源及新工业项目的环境管理，发挥极其重要的作用，对阜新市的可持续发展战略有着重要意义。     

本溪市区环境空气质量现状及变化趋势

对本溪市的环境空气质量进行了监测分析，结果表明：本溪市环境空气中TSP超过国家环境空气质量二级标准，SO2、NOx、CO、降尘均符合二级标准。其中TSP、SO2、CO、降尘呈下降趋势，NOx变化不明显。     

长江船舶舱底水污染的危害及防治

介绍了舱底水的产生及危害。根据航行在长江上船舶的特点，分析了直接排放舱底水现象屡禁不绝的原因，并提出了防治污染的建议。     

浅议提高废水污染源监测数据代表性

对废水污染源监测中影响监测数据代表性的主要因素进行了分析,并对提高废水污染源监测数据代表性提出了可行性建议。     

Simulating dairy liquid waste management options as a nitrogen source for crops

Large scale dairy operations are common. In many cases the manure is deposited on a paved surface and then removed with a flushing system, after which the solids are separated, the liquid stored in ponds, and eventually the liquid applied on adjacent crop land. Management of liquid manure to maximize the fertilizer value and minimize water quality degradation requires knowledge of the interactive effects of mineralization of organic N (ON) to NH₄⁺, crop uptake of mineral N, and leaching of NO₃⁻ on a temporal basis. The purpose of the research was to use the ENVIRO-GRO model to simulate how the amount of applied N, timing of N application, ON mineralization rates, chemical form of N applied, and irrigation uniformity affected (1) yields of corn (Zea mays) in summer and a forage grass in winter in a Mediterranean climate and (2) the amount of NO₃⁻ leached below the root zone. This management practice is typical for dairies in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The simulations were conducted for a 10-year period. Steady state conditions, whereby an equivalent amount of N applied in the organic form will be mineralized in a given year, are achieved more rapidly for materials with high mineralization rates. Both timing and total quantity of N application are important in affecting crop yield and potential N leaching. Major conclusions from the simulations are as follows. Frequent low applications are preferred to less frequent higher applications. Increasing the amount of N application increased both the crop yield and the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. Increasing irrigation uniformity increased crop yields but had variable effects on the amount of NO₃⁻ leached. A winter forage crop following a summer corn crop effectively reduced the leaching of residual soil N following the corn crop.     

家庭装修中的环保问题及预防措施

通过对我国室内空气污染现状的调查与对比,分析了我国室内空气污染的主要原因、特点和危害,提出了预防和治理室内空气污染的措施和方法.     

应用低温等离子体技术治理空气污染研究进展

低温等离子体技术在治理空气污染方面以其效率高、能耗低、适用范围广等特点而成为研究热点.本文介绍了低温等离子体的概念及分类,概述了国内外利用单一低温等离子体技术及其与吸附、催化协同、多性能颗粒混合物结合治理空气污染的最新进展,指出了存在的问题并讨论了今后的研究方向和应用前景.