三种海藻凝集素细胞凝集活性的比较

比较了3种经纯化的海藻凝集素即铁钉菜凝集素（IOL），鹿角沙菜凝集素（HCL0和脆江蓠凝集素（GBL）对红细胞，微藻，细菌，酵母及肿瘤细胞的凝集活性，IOL对供试的动物红细胞均有凝集作用，而HCL和GBL只对部分红细胞产生凝集作用，3种凝集素都不能凝集人的A，O，B型血红细胞。在12种供试的微藻中，有6种单细胞藻类分别被海藻凝集素所凝集，海洋微藻比淡水微藻敏感，盐生杜氏藻均可被3种海藻凝集素所凝集，3种海藻凝集素都能凝集枯草杆菌，但不能凝集胃癌细胞，3种凝集素中，IOL对细胞的凝集作用最好，表3参13     

A preliminary study of the phycological degradation of natural stone masonry

For many years it has been realised that the weathering of stone is not merely determined by physical and chemical factors but also by biological agents. When the stone in question is a historic building or monument, the damage done constitutes an irretrievable loss of our heritage and history. Laboratory studies have commenced in Paisley to study the effect of photoautotrophs on the major sedimentary rock forming minerals, with a view to expanding this work to study the overall effect of these micro-organisms on heritage masonry. Tests were carried out on Albite, Calcite, Dolomite, Orthoclase, Siderite and Quartz, using axenic cultures of the following: Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorococcum tetrasporum, Scenedesmus obliquus, Oocystis marsonii, Stichococcus bacillaris. The rock chips were immersed in either water or bolds basal media and exposed to a mix of the micro-organisms listed above and then tested weekly for their pH, fortnightly for the waters chemical composition using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and visually utilising the universitys SEM facilities. Work so far has revealed biologically mediated etching of minerals, a well-defined pH profile over a period of 90 days, as well as a variety of elemental release patterns for the different minerals.     

Toxic metals status in human blood and breast milk samples in an integrated steel plant environment in Central India

Owing to its unique nutritional and immunological characteristics, human milk is the most important food source for infants. Breast milk can, however, also be a pathway of maternal excretion of toxic elements. Selected toxic elements (As, Pb, Mn,a Hg and Cd) were determined in human breast milk and blood samples obtained from 120 subjects related to an integrated steel plant environment located in central India. Samples of breast milk and blood from subjects living outside the steel plant environment were also analyzed for comparative study. Higher levels of these toxic elements were found in blood samples as compared to breast milk samples. Plant workers showed the higher presence of these metals in their breast milk and blood samples compared to the residents of the area and the subjects living outside the industrial environment, respectively. Mn, Pb and Hg have shown a higher tendency to associate with blood and breast milk than As and Cd. The order of occurrence of these metals in blood and milk samples thus found is Mn > Pb > Hg > As > Cd.     

太湖藻类抗逆性的初步研究

分析太湖鲜底泥和干底泥中活体藻类的种类和数量,以及几种太湖水华优势藻类经过低温、低光处理后的变化,探讨了太湖水华中的优势藻类对湖泊不良环境的适应。研究结果表明,在鲜底泥中检测到11种活体藻类。经低温(5~6℃)处理的底泥中检测到8种活体藻类,总细胞密度为2100个·mL-1,比常温(10~28℃)下保存的底泥中的活体藻类种类(4种)更多,总细胞密度(1090个·mL-1)更高。长期干旱处理也不能使底泥中的藻类完全失去生命力;经过低温、无光处理7个月的微囊藻(Microcystisaeruginosa)和斜生栅列藻(Scenedesmusobliquus)依然保持良好的生长能力,只是微囊藻的对数生长期比对照出现的晚一些。它们在湖泊中广泛存在,在水华中的爆发的特性是与它们对不良环境的适应性和抗性密切相关的。     

取代芳烃对绿藻、斜生栅列藻急性毒性的自相关拓扑指数

本文提出新的原子生物活性值 (ai) ,由其建构自相关拓扑指数 ( mL) . 1 6种氯代芳烃对绿藻的急性毒性 ( -lgEC50 )与其0 L ,1L的回归方程为 :-lgEC50 =0 6 1 99+2 6 1 6 3× 1 0 - 6　1L2 5+ 0 0 0 92 0 L ,r=0 936 3. 1 8种苯酚、苯胺类化合物对斜生栅列藻的急性毒性 ( -lgEC50 )可以表示为 :-lgEC50 =1 1 374 + 0 1 4 4 71L0 6+ 0 0 0 2 70 L,r=0 95 35 .用Jackknife法检验 ,以上模型具有总体稳健性 .     

滇池铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa kutz）对小白鼠肝脏和肝脏微结构毒害的研究

本文研究滇池水体富营养化时，产生“水华”的铜绿微囊藻可使小白鼠肝脏增重及肝脏超微结构发生明显变化，致使小白鼠中毒死亡。     

A comparative study of the toxicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane,dieldrin, pentachlorophenol and 3,4 dichloroaniline for marine and fresh water organisms

The aquatic toxicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol and 3,4-dichloroaniline was determined for about 15 marine and fresh water animals and several unicellular algae. Acute, subchronic and chronic tests including reproduction studies, were carried out. The results are summarized in five tables.     

高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮除藻的研究

湖泊、水库等水源的富营养化，使藻类去除成为饮用水生产的重要任务。本研究采用高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮除藻，考察了混凝剂、气泡表面积通量和浮选柱高度等因素的影响。试验表明，高气泡表面积通量浮选柱气浮可高效地去除绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻，叶绿素a和藻类去除率达95％以上，比传统浮选柱气浮和沉降作业有较大幅度提高。与普通气浮柱比较，高气泡表面积通量浮选柱增加了气泡与藻的碰撞几率，防止因大表观充气速率造成的紊流和扰动，使气泡／藻结合体有相对静态的浮升环境，避免了气泡／藻结合体在浮升过程中的脱落，实现对藻类的迅速捕集和转移。     

Toxic Effects of Crude Oil Combined with Oil Cleaner Simple Green on Yolk-sac Larvae and Adult Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (4 pp)

Background, Goal and Scope Cleaner CRYSTAL Simple Green (SG) was used for the cleanup of the oil spill in the Baltic Sea near Lithuania in 2001. No scientific data are available on the effects and consequences of its application for local aquatic life. The aim of this study was to determine and compare sublethal effects of a) solution SG; b) crude oil alone; c) SG in combination with oil on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at different stages of its development in laboratory conditions.Methods Laboratory studies were performed on adult rainbow trout (4-day duration) and on yolk-sac larvae (25-day duration) evaluating their biological parameters. Concentrations of water-soluble and thin-dispersed fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography.Results and Discussion SG solution (0.5 mg/l) did not affect the survival of larvae and adult fish, and no significant changes were determined in respiratory parameters of the exposed larvae and adult fish. The most expressed alterations were found in morphological parameters (a decrease in the average body mass) of larvae and in haematological indices (a decrease in the leukocyte count) of adult fish at the end of the tests. Crude oil (1610 mg/l) did not affect the survival of adult fish during the 4-day exposure. An increase in larvae mortality rate (~ 36%) was recorded at the end of the tests. A significant decrease in the average body mass and heart rate of larvae as well as in gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish were determined. SG combined with oil induced an increase in larval mortality  46% of individuals died at the end of the tests. No mortality was recorded in adult fish. The average body mass and heart rate of larvae were significantly decreased. Marked changes were also found in respiratory parameters (gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish significantly decreased, while “coughing” rate increased). A 1-day, 2-day exposure of fish to SG combined with oil induced a significant decrease in the leukocyte count of adult fish, which was also determined at the end of the tests. The augmentation of adverse impact could be explained by the data obtained from our studies. When SG was added into dilution water with crude oil the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the mixture increased 3 ~ 4.5 times after 24 h and 96 h, respectively. Conclusions The comparative study of the effects of crude oil alone, SG and SG combined with oil showed that their toxic effects on fish differed. Oil combined with SG was found to be more toxic to fish (larvae and adults) than SG alone and oil alone. Fish at early stages of development (yolk-sac larvae) were more sensitive to the effects of the compounds studied than adults.Recommendations and Outlook To diminish the negative impact of oil spill cleanup using chemicals on aquatic ecosystems, it is recommended to carry out more comprehensive studies of their effects and after-effects in laboratory conditions using a wide scale of local aquatic organisms. The selected species of the most sensitive aquatic organisms should include those which are unable to escape the impact of combined action of oil and cleaners. Special attention should be directed to the research of effects of these pollutants on studied organisms at their most sensitive stages of life (reproduction, hatching, early stages of development), as after-effects of exposure to pollutants may be observed in future generations.     

太湖藻型湖区CH4冒泡通量

冒泡是甲烷排放的主要途径之一,为量化太湖藻型湖区CH₄冒泡通量及其占总通量的比例,本研究采用静态箱-便携式温室气体自动分析仪方法对春、夏季太湖梅梁湾进行了多日连续观测.结果表明,太湖藻型湖区春、夏季CH₄冒泡通量均存在白天高于夜间的日变化特征.春、夏季CH₄冒泡通量分别为1.843、104.497nmol/（m²·s）,占总通量的比例分别为31.2%和68.6%,即冒泡是夏季CH₄排放的主要方式,而春季CH₄排放则以扩散为主.在小时及日尺度上,CH₄冒泡通量与温度（气温、表面水温和底泥温度）和气压显著相关,且随着温度升高、气压降低,CH₄冒泡排放分别呈指数增加和线性增加趋势.本研究可为准确估算太湖流域CH₄总排放量及明确我国湖泊对全球碳循环的贡献提供重要的基础数据.