Relationship between bioaccumulation, distribution of METand lipid content of aquatic organisms

Ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｉｏａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＭＥＴａｎｄｌｉｐｉｄｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓＬｉｕＺｈｅｎｇｔａｏ；ＺｈｏｕＦｅｎｇｆａｎ；ＪｉｎＨｏｎｇｊｕｎ（Ｄｅｐａｒ...     

Yield loss in conventional and natural rice farming systems

Compared to modern, conventional agriculture, alternative agricultural production systems may rely on biologically different mechanisms (syndromes) to attain similar production goals. Yield loss to rice in conventional and natural farming rice paddies in Japan was evaluated by simulated injury (leaf-clipping) and monitoring plants damaged by insect herbivores. Rice grown under natural farming practices was more tolerant of simulated injury and injury from Oulema oryzae than rice grown under conventional practices. Natural farming rice retained proportionately more tillers and had a higher proportion of mature seeds than conventionally grown rice. In conventional paddies, the simulated injury may have made the rice plants more susceptible to plant pathogens than their non-injured counterparts, resulting in higher disease attack and proportionately greater yield loss. These results suggest that, pests may affect yield loss independently in natural farming, but in conventional paddies, multiple pest injury may interact synergistically, compounding yield loss.     

6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的毒性研究

研究了吲哚，吡啶，喹啉，异喹啉、2-甲基喹啉和8-羟基喹啉6种含氮杂环化合物对发光细菌的急性毒性作用及上述物质两两混合对发光细菌的联合毒性作用。结果表明，上述物质对发光细菌的EC50分别为11．75、591．50、24．30、8．24、52．26和0．88mg／L，毒性由强至弱依次为8-羟基喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、喹啉、2-甲基喹、吡啶。所有物质两两混合的联合毒性作用均表现为相加作用。     

抚顺市不同行业废水生物毒性监测研究

废水生物毒性监测与评价,能全面地反映废水对水生态的影响状况和程度.本文采用发光菌、蚕豆根尖、鱼类等生物指标,应用生物毒理监测方法,对抚顺市石油、化工、金属、食品及制药等五大类行业废水的毒性进行了监测与评价.结果表明:各行业废水对鱼类的生物毒性依次为制药＞食品＞石油＞化工＞冶金;对发光菌急性毒性依次为制药＞冶金＞食品＞石油＞化工;对蚕豆根尖遗传物质DNA影响程度分别是制药＞食品＞冶金＞化工＞石油.     

新毒性试验生物萼花臂尾轮虫的特性试验

研究了萼花臂尾轮虫Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓ ｃａｌｙｃｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ ２４ｈ标准化急性毒性试验的可行性和优越性。应用轮虫休眠卵，在２５℃、３０００ｌｘ的强光照下进行孵化，吸取孵化后３ｈ内的幼体，进行２４ｈ（暗相）急性毒性试验。研究表明，Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、ＮａＰＣＰ、ＳＤＳ、Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｎｉ、ＮＨ３对Ｂ．ｃａｌｙｃｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ的２４ｈ ＬＣ５０值分别为０．０２２、０．０４３、１．３０、１．４７、１．７７、１     

南孚废电池对涡虫的急性毒性实验

将在调节酸碱性前后的南孚废电池浸泡液分别配制成不同浓度梯度，对涡虫进行急性毒性实验，观察涡虫在各浓度浸泡液中的生存与摄食情况。结果表明浸泡液对涡虫生存及摄食的影响差异极显著（P〈0．01）。主要影响因素是电池的强碱性。     

Ecological toxicity of reactive X-3B red dye and cadmium acting on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｖａｒｉｅｔｉｅｓａｎｄｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｄｙｅｓｅｎｔｅｒｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ｄｙｅｓ,ａｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｙｐｅｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ,ｈａｖｅａｎａｄｖｅｒｓｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｗａｔｅｒ ｓｏｉｌ ｐｌａｎｔｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ ,ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｓｏｍｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ(Ｃｈｅｎｇ ,ｉｎｐｒｅｓｓ) .ＩｎｔｈｅｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｆ…     

钼和硼污染对大豆品质的影响

以3个大豆(Glycine max)品种(浙春3号、浙春2号和3811)为材料，设置了4个钼、硼处理(适量钼和硼、高钼、高硼及高钼高硼同施)，研究了钼污染和硼污染对大豆品质的影响．结果表明：高钼或高硼促使大豆种子蛋白质、维生素C、氮、磷、钾的含量显著减少，氨基酸的总量和必需氨基酸的总量大大降低，氨基酸各组分(除脯氨酸外)的含量都明显下降，脂肪的组分也发生变化，对种子中钙镁含量的影响不大，且高硼对大豆品质的毒害作用明显大于高钼．在过量条件下，钼和硼在大豆体内呈现相互抑制作用．3个大豆品种的品质问存在一定的基因型差异，3个品种对高钼和高硼的反应也存在差异．图2表3参18     

An Overview of Contaminant-Related Issues Identified by Monitoring in San Francisco Bay

The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP) began in 1993 and is sponsored by 74 local, state, and federal agencies and companies through their discharge or Bay use permits. The RMP monitors water, sediment, toxicity, and bivalve bioaccumulation at 25 sites in the Bay that are considered to represent "background" conditions. Several major environmental issues have been identified by the RMP. Polychlorinated biphenyls and mercury were often above water quality guidelines, and often occurred in fish tissues above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) screening values. Concentrations do not appear to be decreasing, suggesting continuing inputs. Episodes of aquatic toxicity often occurred following runoff events that transport contaminants into the Bay from urbanized and agricultural portions of the watershed. Sediment toxicity occurred throughout the Bay, and has been correlated with concentrations of specific contaminants (chlordanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) at some locations; mixtures of contaminants were probably also important. Since the RMP does not monitor all ecosystem components, assessments of the overall condition of the Bay cannot be made. However, in terms of contamination, the RMP samples suggest that the South Bay, and North Bay sites are moderately contaminated.