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341.
区域污染物总量控制绩效评估技术及动态化管理建议与对策研究(二) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
首次指出了物元分析隶属函数及运算模型在区域污染物总量控制动态化管理中的应用.研究成果是对扬州市的10年污染物总量控制系统性、宏观性的展开,丰富了区域污染物总量控制的理论体系,且进一步表明:该成果不仅为污染物总量控制进行动态化、规范化管理提供了科学的技术支撑,也为促进区域经济结构调整和增长方式的转变,实施循环经济的决策提供了保障. 相似文献
342.
我国煤中微量元素赋存状态的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在研究和分析我国煤中微量元素赋存状态的大量研究文献的基础上,阐述了我国煤中微量元素赋存状态的研究现状和存在问题,探讨了今后煤中的微量元素赋存状态的研究方向和发展趋势,强调加强煤中的微量元素赋存状态方面研究仍是今后煤中微量元素环境地球化学研究的主要内容。 相似文献
343.
廖金凤 《生态与农村环境学报》1998,(4)
海南省位于我国热带地区,草本植物微量元素组成可反映热带区域生物地球化学特点。海南植物微量元素含量属正常范围值,仅个别植物Cd、Hg含量偏高。植物Zn、Cu、Mo含量大多在5mg/kg以上,Pb、Cu、Cd含量一般低于2mg/kg,Hg、As、Ni通常不足1mg/kg。雀稗(Paspalumcommersoni)、地胆草(Elephantopusscaber)等微量元素含量普遍较高。红裂稃草(Schizachyriumsanguineum)、白茅(Imperatacylindrica)等微量元素含量一般较低。植物微量元素组成与植物种类及其生境条件有关。生物吸收系数反映植物摄取元素的强度,Mo、Cd、Hg、Zn、Cu的生物吸收系数通常大于1.0,属强积聚元素,Pb、Cr、Ni、As的生物吸收系数大多低于0.3,是弱摄取元素。 相似文献
344.
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346.
用XG-冷原子吸收型数字测汞仪对水汞等进行纳克级别以下的极微含量分析。测量中加入的一些试剂影响测量数据的准确性和稳定性。对此笔者进行了一些实验研究。本文分析和介绍了测定中添加试剂的影响情况和一些实测数据分析实例;并提出了一般的解决方法,在地震和其他领域微量汞测量中有使用价值。 相似文献
347.
Patancheru and Bolaram are satellite industrial towns nearHyderabad with over 300 large andmedium scale pharmaceutical, heavy engineering, paints, paperand chemical factories. The industriesof the area generate a cumulative 8 × 106 l/day ofeffluents which are being directly dischargedon to surrounding land, irrigation fields, and surface waterbodies which finally enter into theNakkavagu River a tributary of the Manzira River. The presentstudy on abundance and distributionpattern of toxic trace elements indicates the quantitativeaspect of pollution in the Nakkavagu Basin.Migration patterns drawn for TDS, toxic elements such as Cu,As, Se, Zn, B, Cr and iron indicate thatpollutants discharged by the industries are entering thesurface and groundwater system (aquifers) andare also migrating towards the Manzira River furtherdeteriorating the entire hydrological setup of the area.Entry and dispersion of pollutants in the hydrological systemis shown by distribution diagrams. Aconservative estimate indicates that the effect of pollutantson the agricultural lands and water bodiesextends 0.25 to 0.5 km to either side of the Nakkavagu Riverover a length of 25 km. In addition tothis, the movement of pollutants with ground water in thedownstream direction worsened thehydrological system and increased the possibility ofgeo-accumulation of pollutants in biota. Openwells, dug wells and tanks have become useless and redundantas the concentrations of Cu, Se, As,B, Cr and Fe have increased to 5 to 10 times the permissiblelimits. Several villages have beenaffected by the toxic pollutants in the area. The groundwatersystem is polluted over a large area asshown in elemental migration diagrams and is not potable.Tentatively an area of 20 sq km can becategorized as the worst affected by various pollutants. 相似文献
348.
Elemental Analysis of Water and Sediments by External Beam Pixe Part 3: Axios (Vardar) River, Greece
E. Papadopoulou-mourkidou G. A. Mourkides A. A. Katsanos P. K. Kakanis 《Chemistry and Ecology》1986,2(4):335-350
The Axios (Vardar) River originates from the south west part of Yugoslavia, transverses Greece, and discharges into the Thermaikos bay in the north Aegean Sea.
The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method with external beam was used for the elemental analysis of water and sediment samples, while measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, conductivity, pH, and the water flow were made in situ. Water samples were also analysed for total phosphates, nitrates, chlorophyll, and BOD. The data collected for a 16-month period indicate that the Axios River is polluted as far as the metal content is concerned; its primary productivity is low and it is slightly enriched during its course into the Greek territory. 相似文献
The proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method with external beam was used for the elemental analysis of water and sediment samples, while measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen content, conductivity, pH, and the water flow were made in situ. Water samples were also analysed for total phosphates, nitrates, chlorophyll, and BOD. The data collected for a 16-month period indicate that the Axios River is polluted as far as the metal content is concerned; its primary productivity is low and it is slightly enriched during its course into the Greek territory. 相似文献
349.
P. Steven Porter Robert C. Ward 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(4):687-700
ABSTRACT: The statistical analysis of data which have trace level measurements has traditionally been a two-step process in which data are first censored using criteria based on measurement precision, and then analyzed with statistical methods for censored data. The process might be more informative if data were left uncensored. In this paper, information loss attributable to censoring and measurement noise are assessed by comparing the sample mean and median of uncensored measurements with a log regression mean and median based on censored data. Measurements are derived from lognormal parent distributions which have random variability characteristic of trace level measurement. The relative performance of estimators used with error-free samples and with samples having measurement noise can be explained by differences between the probability distributions of parents and measurements. Measurement introduces bias and dispersion and transforms lognormal parent distributions toward greater symmetry. Estimates using uncensored data are less biased and more accurate than the log regression mean and median when censoring exceeds about 50 percent, and are not much worse at any fraction censored. For data with many (80 percent) results below the limit of detection, bias may be quite severe. 相似文献
350.
Kyle B. Combest 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1991,27(1):19-28
ABSTRACT: Sediment bound trace metals are often examined for spatial trends such as downstream patterns or distance from a source. Spatial trends may indicate either differences in metal inputs, or, when considerable sediment variability exists, differences in sediment sorption processes. These two possibilities become important not only when sediment contamination is evaluated within an area, but also when regulatory agencies attempt to make equivalent among area decisions. Sediments from an urban watershed were examined for: (1) downstream trace metal trends and (2) sediment sorption relationships. Analyses determined that downstream trenda as related to metal inputs could not be recognized by analyzing the < 2mm (≤, sand) sediment size fraction. Conversely, the trace metal concentrations were found to be distinctly related to sediment characteristics. The watershed's metal concentrations are similar to those found in uncontaminated to slightly contaminated sediments in the United States. 相似文献