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181.
Li Xu Tieyu Wang Wei Luo Kun Ni Shijie Liu Lin Wang Qiushuang Li Yonglong Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):561-568
Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future. 相似文献
182.
天津近岸表层沉积物重金属和放射性核素分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对渤海湾天津海域14个表层沉积物样品进行粒度、重金属和核素放射性活度测量,结果显示,沉积物组成以粉砂为主,其粒径在研究区横纵向上分别呈由南至北、由东至西逐渐变粗的分布特征.重金属元素含量为Cu:25.6~35.1mg/kg、Pb:44.1~67.7mg/kg、Zn:60~73.5mg/kg;210Pb活度为13.2~35.3Bq/kg,137Cs活度为0.05~1.28Bq/kg,重金属含量和放射性活度随粒径减小而增大,总体上呈由北至南逐渐增大的分布特征,在中部和南部分别呈由西北至东南和由西至东逐渐增大的分布特征.这主要是因为细颗粒组分对Cu、Pb、Zn、210Pb和137Cs的吸附作用大于粗颗粒组分,因此,其分布受渤海湾水流及其所导致的粒径变化所影响. 相似文献
183.
Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
The 360 feed and manure samples were collected from 150 animal farms in Jiangsu Province, China and analyzed for heavy metals. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in animal feeds were 15.9-2041.8 and undetected-392.1 mg/kg respectively, while Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in all feeds were below 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in animal manures were 8.4-1726, 39.5-11379, and 1.0-1602 mg/kg respectively, while As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 〈 10 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu, Zn, As and Cr in animal feed and manure were positively correlated (p 〈 0.001), but the Cd, Hg, and Pb were not statistically correlated between the feed and the manure. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were highest in pig feed and manure, followed by poultry and dairy feeds and manures. During 1990- 2008, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Cd contents increased by 771%, 410%, 420%, 220%, and 63% in pig manure, 212%, 95%, 200%, 791%, and -63% in dairy manure, and 181%, 197%, 1500%, 261, and 196% in poultry manure. Most of the increases occurred from 2002 to 2008, which reflects the extensive use of feed additives after 2002. In contrast, Pb and Hg in manures continuously decreased from 1990 to 2008. The results suggest that the heavy metal contents in animal manure have been greatly increased over 18 years and the contribution of manures to soil should be considered. 相似文献
184.
Effect of sediment size on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments of Izmir Inner Bay 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The effect of sediment size on metals bioleaching from bay sediments was investigated by using fine (< 45 μm), medium (45-300 μm), and coarse (300-2000 μm) size fractions of a sediment sample contaminated with Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Chemical speciation of the metals in bulk and size fractions of sediment were studied before and after bioleaching. Microbial activity was provided with mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioleaching process was carried out in flask experiments for 48 days, by using 5% (W/V) of solid concentration in suspension. Bioleaching was found to be efficient for the removal of selected heavy metals from every size fraction of sediments, where the experiments with the smaller particles resulted in the highest solubilization ratios. At the end of the experimental period, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were solubilized to the ratios of 68%, 88%, 72%, and 91% from the fine sediment, respectively. Higher removal efficiencies can be explained by the larger surface area provided by the smaller particles. The changes in the chemical forms of metals were determined and most of the metal releases were observed from the reducible and organic fractions independent from grain size. Higher concentrations were monitored in the residual fraction after bioleaching period, suggesting they are trapped in this fraction, and cannot be solubilized under natural conditions. 相似文献
185.
186.
本文对目前研究最多的汞、铬、镉、铅和砷等重金属,详细分析了它们在水体中的迁移转化、价态变化、吸附与解吸附作用、吸附和共沉淀作用等动态过程;简要地阐述五种重金属对水体的污染给人体带来的危害;重点讨论了对水体重金属污染采取控制与消除土壤污染源、含重金属工业废水的排放和生物修复技术等防治对策。 相似文献
187.
在宿州市不同功能区采集23个街尘样品,利用X-Ray荧光光谱法测定了样品中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cr、V的含量,分析了街尘重金属的粒径分布特征,并利用地累积指数法对其污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:(1)宿州市街尘中细颗粒质量比重较高,在<75μm、75~150μm、150~250μm、250~500μm四个粒径段的街尘质量比例分别为39.73%、27.52%、22.57%和10.18%;(2)街尘中各重金属元素的含量最大值均出现在<75μm和75~150μm粒径范围内,说明重金属易在细颗粒中富集;(3)各重金属元素在<75μm粒径范围内的赋存比例均高于其他3个粒径级别,达40%左右;(4)随着街尘粒径的由粗到细,其重金属污染程度从无污染到轻度污染,各重金属元素的污染程度依次为:Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>V>Mn。 相似文献
188.
189.
以江苏省常州市金坛区为例,借鉴传统LUR模型思路,考虑土壤重金属的源汇关系,加入土壤属性因子,构建LUR-S模型模拟预测了研究区土壤重金属含量空间分布,并与传统LUR模型及普通克里格插值模型结果进行对比,结果表明:(1)研究区土壤重金属含量受到以土地利用为主的源因子及反映重金属在土壤中赋存环境的汇因子的共同影响.就源影响因子而言,土壤Cu、Zn含量分别与2 000 m缓冲区内交通用地面积、2 000 m缓冲区内城市建设用地面积极显著相关(P0.01);就汇影响因子而言,土壤Cr、Cu、Zn含量与OM、Corg、TC、TN极显著相关(P0.01).(2)研究区土壤重金属Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn空间分布预测的LUR-S模型方程R2较传统LUR模型分别提高了0.041、0.406、0.102、0.501,精度检验R2较普通克里格插值模型分别提高了0.147 7、0.011 6、0.231 0、0.081,RMSE较普通克里格插值分别减少了2.413、0.631、1.112、2.138,表明考虑了源汇关系的LUR-S模型预测精度高于传统LUR模型和普通克里格插值模型;(3)LUR-S模型对污染较低、变异较小重金属空间分布预测的适用性较好,而对污染较高、变异较大重金属则较差. 相似文献
190.