硫磺回收装置危害分析与安全控制

硫磺回收装置是炼油及天然气生产中重要的组成部分,其主要作用是使原油中所含的硫元素以单质或某些化合物的状态得以回收利用,以减轻或避免直接排放对环境造成的污染。硫磺回收     

玉龙雪山地区不同海拔高度降水中常量无机离子特征分析

运用海盐示踪法计算了云南省丽江市玉龙雪山2005-07-26～2006-07-31不同海拔高度降水中常量无机离子非海洋来源的比例,计算结果显示Cl^-、Na⁺海洋源比重较高,平均海洋源比重分别为74.79％、73.53％. NO^-₃、SO^2-₄、K⁺ 、Mg²⁺ 、Ca²⁺主要是非海洋源,平均非海洋源所占的比重依次为100％、93.54％、97.29％、81.77％、99.66％. 统计图显示阳离子浓度的变化远远大于阴离子,阳离子浓度区间为0.51～5.26 mg/L,阴离子浓度区间为0.99～4.90 mg/L,由此推断阳离子来源构成比较复杂. 分析表明陆源离子,尤其是近源陆源离子对该地区降水的无机离子构成和离子浓度影响较大,2400～2950 m人类活动导致阴离子浓度较高,2950～4800 m降水的离子浓度受局地环流的影响较大,玉龙雪山地区基岩以石灰岩为主是造成降水中阳离子,尤其是Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺浓度较大的主要原因.     

京津冀典型城市大气颗粒物化学成分同步观测研究

为解析京津冀城市群大气颗粒物化学组成,寻求区域大气污染协同防控方法,分别在北京、天津、唐山和保定4个典型城市和兴隆大气本底对照区设置观测站点,使用环境颗粒物在线监测仪和安德森撞击式9级采样器获取不同粒径段大气颗粒物的质量浓度并分析其化学成分.结果表明,上述4个城市站点PM10年均值（2009年6月～2010年5月）分别...     

北京市湿沉降特征分析

通过分析北京市降水中水溶性离子组分的浓度,研究了2005～2009北京市降水酸化程度及水质变化特征.北京市5 a年均pH为5.19,总体变化趋势平稳.5 a间,降水中各离子组分含量均有下降趋势,北京市的环境质量逐步改善;NH 4^＋和NO 3^-在降水中所占比例明显增加,北京市降水受含N污染物排放的影响较大.季节变化显...     

基于TASCC的典型农田溪流氨氮滞留及吸收动力学模拟

为揭示农田溪流氨氮滞留的动态变化性,选择NaCl为保守示踪剂、NH4Cl为添加营养盐开展野外瞬时投加示踪实验.在此基础上,采用TASCC方法和养分螺旋指标定量刻画 滞留动态,并以Michaelis-Menten模型(M-M方程)模拟 吸收动力学特性.结果表明:背景浓度的 吸收长度Sw-amb变化范围为93.94~295.54m,平均值为177.41m;质量传输系数Vf-amb变化范围为0.16~0.38mm/s,平均值为0.26mm/s;吸收速率Uamb变化范围为0.16~0.38mg/(m2×s),平均值为0.26mg/(m2×s).由M-M方程模拟得到的 最大吸收速率Umax为0.59~1.38mg/(m2×s),半饱和常数Km为1.10~5.03mg/L. 在从背景浓度到饱和浓度区间范围内展现出的Sw-add-dyn、Utot-dyn和Vf-tot-dyn动态变化性,验证了TASCC解析 滞留动态和吸收动力学特征的可行性和有效性.     

紫外-可见光谱研究堆肥水溶性有机物不同组分演化特征

按亲疏水-极性不同将鸡粪不同堆肥阶段样品提取出的水溶性有机物（DOM）分成疏水酸性（HOA）、疏水碱性（HOB）、亲水性（HIM）及酸不溶性（AIM）4个组分,通过紫外-可见光谱,选取了14个特征参数,研究了不同组分的组成与演化特征.结果显示：4个组分中AIM腐殖化水平最高,HOA次之,HOB第三,HIM最低;随着堆肥的进行,4个组分中HOB和HIM分子内团聚化程度提高显著,HOA、HOB及AIM的分子量显著增大,AIM及HOA的芳香类物质含量显著增加.相关性分析表明,不同波段面积积分相关性可达极显著水平,S_275-295与多个特征参数相关性达显著或极显著水平,因此,特征S_275-295、A_226-400、A_m/A_s、A_l/A_s及A_l/A_m比其他紫外-可见参数表征有机质腐殖化水平更为精确.     

Book reviews

ACID RAIN, A REVIEW OF THE PHENOMENON IN THE EEC AND EUROPE, by Environmental Resources Limited for the Commission of the European Communities, 159 pages (including a summary, an introduction, findings and conclusions and 13 pages with newest references), 24 figures and 14 tables, stiff paper cover, format 302×212 mm, EUR 8684, ISBN 0 86010 501 6, Graham & Trotman Limited, Sterling House, 66 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1DE, U.K. (1983), £12.50.

STONE DECAY AND CONSERVATION, Atmospheric Pollution, Cleaning, Consolidation and Protection, MATERIAL SCIENCE MONOGRAPHS 11, by Giovanni G. Amoroso and Vasco Fassina, 453 pages (including 301 figures, 72 tables, and a subject index of five pages; references are added to each of the five parts), linen, format 249×174 mm, ISBN 0 444 42146 7, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam and New York (1983) USS 97.75 or Dfl. 230.‐ or SFr. 170.‐

WEATHERING OF POLYMERS, by Anthony Davies and David Sims, Waltham Abbey, Essex, U.K., 294 pages (including 96 figures, 62 tables, an index of 6 pages; and references (mostly from 1972 to 1979, a few newer ones) added to each chapter), linen, format 230×149 mm, ISBN 0 85334 226 1, Applied Science Publishers, London and New York (1983), £35, (plus £1.75 post/packing).     

Evaluation of the Meteo-France response in ETEX release 1

During ETEX Meteo-France applied part of its emergency response system for critical events developped in the framework of the World Meteorological Organization environmental emergency response program. The atmospheric transport model used to forecast the evolution of a passive tracer is an eulerian model called MEDIA. In real time this model is driven by meteorological data from ARPEGE, the operational numerical weather prediction model available at the Meteo-France operation center. The overall evaluation of the results show that the model can reproduce the cloud displacement, but there exists a stretching in the transport direction. In the ATMES-II phase, the results are closer to the observations when meteorological data from the European Center for Medium range Weather Forecast are used. A simulation using analyzed meteorological data from ARPEGE every 6 h slightly improve the results comparing with the real-time experiment. All the simulations we performed reveal that the quality of the atmospheric transport model is strongly dependent on the quality of the driving numerical weather prediction model.     

Metal Contamination in Urban Soils of Coastal Tuscany (Italy)

Urban soils are often contaminated by metals deriving from human activities. Urban polluted soils can affect human health through direct physical contact or through the food chain. The behaviour of metals is affected by chemical and physical soil properties. Heavy metal concentration was determined in some soils of three medium sized towns of coastal Tuscany, Central Italy. Soil samples were collected in roadsides, urban agricultural soils (allotments), playgrounds and public parks. The analysis included total metal content (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd), and sequential extraction. Lead reached the highest levels in the soils and was higher near roads. In urban agricultural soils and in allotments Cu was present in noticeable quantities (300 mg kg⁻¹). The presence of Cu in urban soils seems to be typical of soils used for a long period as agricultural land, especially vineyards in the area covered by this study. Sequential extraction was performed to evaluate the mobility of the metals and to better understand the impact of the anthropogenic activity on urban sites. In the present study principal components analysis (PCA) is employed to describe the characteristics of urban soils.