城市固体废弃物堆肥化处理的影响因素

城市固体废弃物的堆肥化处理已经成为各国越来越重视的方法。堆肥化处理是通过控制堆腐过程条件,使废弃物在短时间内最有效地达到稳定,杀灭病原菌,使产品可以安全地使用。本文对堆肥的原理及基本机理进行了介绍,同时对堆肥过程的重要参数（ 水分含量、有机质含量、 Ｃ／ Ｎ 比、ｐ Ｈ 值、通气量等） 进行了综述。     

Optimal feed profile for a second order reaction in a semi-batch reactor under safety constraints: Experimental study

Maximising the yield of the second order reaction (2-butanol+propionic anhydride) by manipulating the inlet flow rate is considered for an isothermal semi-batch process. First a procedure for the determination of the kinetic parameters using coupled spectroscopic and calorimetric methods is presented. Then an optimisation of the reaction system is performed numerically and verified experimentally. Constraints on the amount of heat produced and on the temperature attainable in the case of cooling failure are imposed for safety consideration.     

基于遥感影像的木兰溪水质参数反演

水质监测对水环境评价及污染预防至关重要,但地面监测成本高、监测面积有限等,难以满足实时、大范围监测的要求。为了更好地解决该问题,基于遥感影像的空中监测技术越来越得到研究人员的青睐。以木兰溪为研究区,利用和地面监测数据同步的Landsat-8卫星遥感影像数据,对木兰溪的典型水质参数总磷、总氮、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数的反演问题进行研究。首先,根据Landsat-8的水体敏感波段,分别选取总磷、总氮、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数的反演特征波段组合为(b1-b2)/(b2+b3),(b1-b2)/(b3-b4),b2/(b1+b4),b1/b2;其次,利用反演特征波段组合分别构建总磷、总氮、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数浓度的SVR(Support Vector Regression)反演模型,通过IPSO算法对SVR模型的参数进行优选;然后,将IPSO-SVR反演模型和统计回归反演模型、广义回归神经网络(GRNN)反演模型在验证集上进行评估,以平均绝对误差和均方根误差作为评价指标进行对比分析,结果表明IPSO-SVR反演模型的平均绝对误差和均方根误差最小,说明IPSO-SVR反演模型具有较高的精度和较好的实用性...     

服装面料电磁防护性能的测试与模拟

为了消除或减少电磁波辐射对人体造成的危害,各种具有电磁防护功能的服装面料应运而生并得到迅速的发展,但是服装面料的电磁防护性能的测试费用一直较为昂贵．本文在研究织物电磁屏蔽原理的基础上,分析了服装面料的电磁防护性能与面料本身的电磁参数及厚度的关系．并且通过专业的电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS建立面料电磁屏蔽效能测试的仿真模型．将服装面料的电磁参数以及厚度值代入模型中,可以模拟测试获得服装面料的电磁屏蔽效能．这对于设计开发人员来说不仅可以减少昂贵的测试费用．加快开发的速度．还有利于设计出成本更低、防护性能更好的产品。     

危险化学品突发泄漏事故应急决策系统的开发与应用

介绍了危险化学品突发泄漏事故应急决策系统的开发及其在实际中的应用,以危险化学品数据库为基础,建立泄漏介质查找系统,方便查找泄漏介质,并根据所查找泄漏介质提供相应的应急决策方案。以"苯"泄漏为例,危险化学品突发泄漏事故应急决策系统根据操作人员提供的现场数据,自动生成苯泄漏的应急决策方案,方案内容包括带压密封夹具图、作业用工器具、安全保护用品、密封注剂选择、现场操作方法、现场急救方法、苯泄漏物处置预案、苯泄漏的消防及国家法规信息支持。危险化学品突发泄漏事故应急决策系统能够便捷的协助用户安全、迅速、有效地处置各种危险化学品,有效的预防因危险化学品泄漏引起的火灾、爆炸、环境污染及人身伤亡等特重大事故的发生,降低危险化学品泄漏事故所造成的危害。     

煤气化废水萃取脱酚工艺研究

采用溶剂萃取对煤气化废水进行酚回收处理.确定烷基酮类物质(M105)作为煤气化废水的脱酚萃取剂,并对脱酚工艺参数进行优化.工艺参数为:萃取温度40-60℃,pH＝9-10,相比=1∶ 6-1∶ 4.经四级逆流萃取,废水的总酚浓度从5410mg·l-1降至350mg·l-1,挥发酚降至50 mg·l-1以下.     

Incomplete mixing in a small, urban stream

Conservative solute tracer experiments were conducted in Indian Creek, a small urban stream located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Estimated flow rates were between 46 Ls(-1) and 81 Ls(-1), average stream width was 5.5m and average stream depth was 0.2m. Given these dimensions, most researchers would think it reasonable to assume that the stream is completely mixed vertically and horizontally. However, we found that the stream was not vertically completely mixed in a 1.0m deep, 30 m long pool. The limited mixing was demonstrated by the vertical stratification of a tracer cloud which was completely mixed both laterally and vertically across the stream prior to entering the pool. We suggest that the cause of limited mixing is due to a balance between groundwater inflow and transverse dispersion at the cross-section. We show that the unsupported assumption of complete mixing may result in a wide range, and thus increased uncertainty, of the values of stream flow and longitudinal dispersion coefficient estimated from these data. We conclude that the assumption of complete mixing and one-dimensional modeling must be checked against actual field conditions, even in small streams.     

影响焦化废水生物脱氮运行效果的主要工艺参数

对影响焦化废水生物脱氮运行效果的主要工艺参数进行了论述,并从理论和工程实际运行情况两个方面进行了对比、分析和总结,指出除了控制曝气池温度、溶解氧、碱度、污泥龄、回流比等常见的工艺参数外,进水NH3-N浓度和C／N比的控制是焦化废水生物脱氮处理时被经常忽略的工艺参数,并且这两项指标对焦化废水生物脱氮的运行效果起着关键性作用。     

瑞昌地震后鄱阳湖口地区的设计地震动参数校核研究

2005年11月26日在江西九江、瑞昌间发生了5.7级地震,震中烈度达7度强。瑞昌地震后,开展了对鄱阳湖口地区重大工程设计地震动参数的校核研究,分析了瑞昌地震后区域地震背景变化和地震震后活动趋势,对发震构造进行了综合判定,划分出了瑞昌潜在震源区,并针对该地区某大型桥梁进行了地震危险性分析和设计地震动工程参数的校核计算。结果表明,瑞昌地震是近场区外的中强地震,对鄱阳湖口地区设计地震动工程参数影响很小。本文的工作为破坏性地震震后重大工程设计地震动参数的校核工作提供了范例。     

Occurrence of monoethylmercury in the Florida Everglades: Identification and verification

A few studies have reported the occurrence of monoethylmercury (CH₃CH₂Hg⁺) in the natural environment, but further verification is needed due to the lack of direct evidence and/or uncertainty in analytical procedures. Various analytical techniques were employed to verify the occurrence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in soil of the Florida Everglades. The identity of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil was clarified, for the first time, by GC/MS. The employment of the recently developed aqueous phenylation-purge-and-trap-GC coupled with ICPMS confirmed that the detected CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ was not a misidentification of CH₃SHg⁺. Stable isotope-tracer experiments further indicated that the detected CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ indeed originated from Everglades soil and was not an analytical artifact. All these evidence clearly confirmed the occurrence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil, presumably as a consequence of ethylation occurring in this wetland. The prevalence of CH₃CH₂Hg⁺ in Everglades soil suggests that ethylation could play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg.