土壤重金属污染研究与治理现状

对土壤重金属污染研究和治理方法现状进行了介绍：涉及的具体内容包括土壤重金属元素背景值。化学定时炸弹的概念,土壤环境与人类健康和物理、化学、生物治理方法。     

建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理研究方案架构

基于建筑全生命周期这个主线,建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理研究,以绿色建筑供应链运行效率为导向,以既有建筑节能改造效率为切入点,以产业链过程中各主体行为规律为基础,采用“总-分-合”的基本研究思路模式,聚焦了“主导企业驱动下绿色建筑供应链协调机理与策略、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担机理、建筑废弃物再生利用产业链主体社会责任共担机理”等三部分核心内容,初步形成建筑可持续发展视角下供应链协调与社会责任共担机理的理论体系。本成果采用“总-分-合”的思路模式,基于循环经济理念和主体行为策略视角,遵循研究的学理逻辑,以研究生学位论文为基础,开展“主导企业驱动下绿色建筑供应链协调机理与策略、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担机理、建筑废弃物再生利用产业链主体社会责任共担机理”3个子课题研究,从系统整体概况实施全面研究规划着手,构架了总括、绿色建筑供应链协调机理、既有建筑节能改造主体社会责任共担、建筑废弃物再生利用社会责任共担、总结等五大模块及上中下三大篇共12章的系统体系。     

水下爆炸空化研究进展

从理论研究、实验研究和数值模拟3个方面对水下爆炸局部空化和片空化的研究进展进行了综述,总结了理论及数值方面的研究进展,介绍了新的实验技术在水下爆炸空化研究中的应用。     

典型船用通导设备低温性能试验研究

目的 建立有效的低温试验检测手段及评估方法,以保障冰区航行船舶在低温环境下的通讯导航能力。方法 在国军标与船标的指导下,针对典型船用通导设备磁罗经与电子罗经,开展包括试前工作测试、–25℃低温贮存试验、–20℃低温工作试验以及附加防寒措施的系列考核试验。结果 试验成功复现了低温环境下磁罗经与电子罗经的性能失效模式。磁罗经经历低温后,磁力指向稳定性大幅减弱,试验前后指向刻度最大偏差可达3.3°;电子罗经经历低温后,指向误差最大可达3.7°,电流最大增长32.8%。通过遮蔽防寒、伴热措施保温后,整个试验过程中温度趋于稳定,磁罗经与电子罗经的刻度示值变化幅度减小。结论 磁罗经内部部件机械阻尼的增大以及自差校正磁棒磁力的改变是引起磁罗经定位精度率波动、定位误差变大的主要原因。电子罗经天线内部电气元件的性能改变是引起指向刻度变化的主要因素。通过采取一定的防寒保温措施,减小温度变化范围,将有利于提高磁罗经与电子罗经低温工作的稳定性。     

Values of Farmers, Sustainability and Agricultural Policy

This article describes the feasibility of researchinto the relation between values of farmers andsustainability for the Dutch Ministry of Agricultureand the Dutch Federation of Agricultural andHorticultural Organisations.Firstly, a theoretical framework describes differentlevels of motivation behind conduct and choices. Itenables exploration and analysis of individualinterviews with small groups of conventional andecological farmers. The aim is to find out what theirbasic convictions regarding nature and sustainabilityare, and to analyze the relation between theseconvictions and the actual choices they make in theirfarming practice. The research shows that for somefarmers, differences in farming practice go back to themotivation level of moral convictions about what is`good farming'. For others, the motivations for aspecific farming practice are more pragmatic or`superficial'. This knowledge can be of significancefor the process of policy making.Secondly, this research demonstrates thatinvestigation into the relation between values andbehavioral choices is possible. The analysis ofinterviews among a small group of farmers gives anidea of the importance of personal values in additionto (and sometimes of more importance than) economicconsiderations. Due to the restricted size of theresearch population, however, these conclusions are oflimited generalizability. Finally, in order to make alarger research agenda possible, the research methodology isevaluated on the basis of scientific criteria.     

BIOGEOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CHANGE ON U.S. NATIONAL PARKS1

ABSTRACT: Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global‐scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long‐term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long‐term, watershed‐level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO₄² deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs.     

钢框架足尺结构火灾试验方案研究

钢框架足尺结构(即与实际工作中通常使用的结构尺寸相同的结构)火灾试验在国内尚属首次。着重介绍了试验施加荷载的确定、数据测量和钢框架的吊装计算,得出了进行钢框架主尺结构火灾试验的一些基本经验:采用钢结构构件实用抗火计算方法,对目标高温下框架中柱和边柱分别进行承载力计算,在和常温下各自的0.3倍的承载极限值进行综合比较后,确定钢框架柱轴向的施加荷载值;热电偶测温技术具有精度高和使用简便的优点,可用于火灾试验温度的测量;火灾试验中应变的测量无法正常进行,可转化成对关键部位位移的测量;足尺结构的吊装在对其简化的计算模型进行危险截面的强度验算以及对整个试件进行必要的挠度计算后方可进行。     

生态补偿对象空间选择的研究进展及展望

生态补偿作为一种将外在的、非市场环境服务转化为当地参与者提供生态系统服务的财政激励机制而备受世界关注。为了全面认识国际生态补偿对象空间选择的状况与成果,促进国际生态补偿对象空间选择研究的交流与合作,论文在分析国际相关理论和实践研究的基础上,概括介绍了生态补偿对象空间选择的相关概念和研究背景,对不同补偿对象选择方案进行了归纳梳理和比较分析,简要介绍了得分函数法、距离函数法和GAP分析法等研究方法,比较分析了研究方法的优缺点,最后提出了思考和展望：选择方案的设计既要注重资金效益,又要兼顾公平;努力建立生态补偿效果的评价机制,逐步完善生态补偿对象选择方案,健全生态补偿机制。     

国内SBR法研究进展及其应用现状

简要介绍了SBR法的特点,综述了国内SBR法研究进展和应用现状,并展望了sBR技术发展方向。     

采油污水生物处理技术

采油污水是石油工业中的重点污染源之一。本文论述了采油污水生物处理的难度和技术可行性 ,总结了国内外近年来采油污水生物处理技术的现状及研究进展。