Toward Ecological Economy

Abstract

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades: excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.     

“中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量”项目研究方法概论

土地资源能否生产足够的食物供养未来人口的问题益发受到关注,作为回答这一问题的土地资源承载能力研究也就应运而生。中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会受全国农业区划委员会委托主持了“中国土地资源生产能力及人口承载量”项目。该项目的研究内容分解为5个基本层次,确定2000年和2025年为研究的时间尺度,并探讨了无具体时间尺度的理想承载力。该项研究以中国1∶100万土地资源图划分的9个土地潜力区为基础,以资源—资源生态—资源经济科学原理为指导,以综合、协调、持续性原则为特色,力图从PRED(资源、环境、人口、发展)的相互关系出发,回答我国土地资源在不同时期可以供养多少人口,提高土地资源承载能力的可能性与途径等问题。     

环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系的构建与实践

如何培养兼具技术综合应用能力与科技创新能力的复合型人才,是目前环境类专业人才培养的重点和难点。为适应形势发展的需要,华中科技大学以本科生工程实践能力与科技创新能力培养为核心,构建了环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系,在工程实践教学领域进行了一系列的综合改革与尝试,取得了显著的成效。本文详细介绍了环境类专业本科实践教学创新体系的基本构成、构建方法、运行机制和实践效果,为国内高等工科院校相近及相关专业的实践教学环节改革提供了参考与借鉴。     

天然气压缩机降噪工艺研究

通过天然气压缩机降噪治理,使增压站场厂界噪声达到GB 12348-2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》2、3类功能区排放限值,减少噪声污染,是一项重要的环保工作。文章分析了噪声测量方法、天然气压缩机噪声产生机理、压缩机原始噪声测试、降噪工艺技术为:合理选择消声器,合理选定压缩机安装位置等。该工艺在降噪过程中没有涉及压缩机的机体改造,从而不会因降噪而影响机组各种设备的使用性能;机组的操作、检修、观察及机械声音判断等要求没有受到影响。     

静止环境中可燃固体表面火蔓延特性的实验研究

本文通过模拟实验方法研究静止环境下可燃固体材料表面的火蔓延特性,应用火焰结构显示技术连续观察和记录了固体可燃物表面火蔓延的火行为,并利用温度示踪技术连续考察和分析了固体可燃物表面的火蔓延过程,同时研究分析了燃烧试样类型对火蔓延速率的影响,所得结查物理上合理。     

燃煤电VPM2.5及汞控制技术探讨

火电厂烟气中PM2.5控制技术,目前可分为电除尘和袋式除尘两大类。其中电除尘又分常规电除尘、移动电极电除尘、前置聚并器电除尘、湿式电除尘、低温电除尘等;袋式除尘又分为纯袋式除尘、电一袋复合式除尘、先进的混合式电一袋除尘等。文章对这些技术从捕集机理到应用效果进行了分析探讨,推荐了火电厂应用最合适的控制技术。     

Linking Local Sustainability Initiatives with Environmental Justice

Beyond adopting sustainability as a feel-good slogan, many communities are trying to translate this general principle into specific and measurable terms. Community indicators are being introduced as a tool for analysis and community development in US cities from Seattle, WA to Jacksonville, FL. Most efforts acknowledge that sustainability ought to serve communities as a whole; rather than privilege certain elites, sustainability should build social equity. Using a web-based methodology, this research reviews sustainability efforts in 33 of the largest US cities to see which have addressed environmental justice as a dimension of sustainability. Five projects are identified and their programmes are summarised in terms of educational, policy and implementation content. KEE WARNER, Enlazando Iniciativas de Sostenibilidad Local con Justicia Ambiental . Más allá de adoptar la sostenibilidad como un lema para estar bien, muchas comunidades estan tratando de trasladar este principio general en términos específicos y medibles. Indicadores comunitarios esta´n siendo introducidos como una herramienta para el análisis y el desarrollo comunitario en ciudades americanas como Seattle, Washington a Jacksonville, Florida. La mayoría de los esfuerzos reconocen que la sostenibilidad tiene que servir a las comunidades como un todo; más que privilegiar ciertas élites, la sostenibilidad debe construir equidad social. Usando una metodolgía basada en la red, esta investigación estudia los esfuerzos para promover la sostenibilidad en treinta y tres de las mas grandes ciudades de los Estados Unidos para ver cual a dirijido justicia ambiental como una dimensión de sostenibilidad. Cinco proyectos son indentificados y sus programas son resumidos en términos de contenido educacional, político y de implementacio´n.     

The Effectiveness of a “Break Experiment” from a Long-Term Perspective

The study reports the results of a follow-up evaluation, conducted in 1994, of the impact of a training program for female unskilled metal workers that was implemented at the end of the 1970s. The program was designed to promote occupational skills development, and was first evaluated in 1979. On both occasions of evaluation the investment in training was examined from two perspectives, those of the training participants and management. Data were collected through semistructured personal interviews with key members of personnel management and through a group conversation session with a majority of the original course attendees. Supplementary background information was obtained from documents and records maintained by the organization. At some points, there was a convergence of views on the significance of the training program for occupational skills development, at others a divergence. These convergences and divergences are finally discussed and the findings of the study are related to other research on this particular kind of intervention.     

Cultural Ergonomics in Ghana,West Africa: A Descriptive Survey of Industry and Trade Workers’ Interpretations of Safety Symbols

Globalization and technology transfer have led to the diffusion of risk communications to users from cultures that were not initially viewed as the target users. This study examined industry and trade workers’ overall impressions of symbols used to convey varying degrees of hazardousness. Six symbols, including symbols from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535 Standard (ANSI, 1998) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3864:1984 Standard (ISO, 1984) were selected. With the exception of the SKULL symbol, results showed wide discrepancies between users’ perceptions of the symbols and their intended meanings. Implications for cross-cultural research on warning components and risk communications are discussed.     

活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中的应用

本文简述了含碳吸附型防护服的发展历程,具体阐述了活性炭纤维的主要特性以及作为吸附材料的防护机理,最后介绍了国内外活性炭纤维在含碳吸附型防护服中研究和应用的情况。