MapObjects在城市道路交通噪声管理中的应用

从Visual Basic控件技术出发，介绍了建立在对象链接与嵌入技术基础上由美国ESRI公司的采用GIS控件MapObjects的运行机制及特点。结合该控件在城市道路交通噪声信息管理系统开发中的应用，对系统的建设目标、结构及开发模式做了介绍；以对北京市道路交通噪声信息管理系统的开发为例，对系统的功能作了简要说明。     

环境噪声达标区建设的宏观经济效益分析方法

从环境经济学观点出发，运用系统论，数理统计等方法，分析环境噪声污染的直接损失与间接损失，达标区建设的硬件与软件投资、达标区建成后的直接与间接效益，建立了环境噪声达标区建设中损失－投资－效益三者的分析法，以价格机制和价值规律，促进环境噪声污染防治。     

城市公共交通车辆内噪声调查与模糊数学评价——以山东省济南市为例

本文以济南市为例，调查了公共交通车辆内噪声随运行路段、时段、车况、路况的变化情况，比较分析表明，发动机是车内主要噪声源，电车和单车内噪声比通道汽车低３ｄＢ～７ｄＢ，一天内噪声变化与市民乘车上下班时间呈正相关。运用模糊数学方法评价得出济南市公共交通车辆内声环境质量为Ⅱ级（７７ｄＢ），并提出了改革车内声环境的对策     

Estimation and validation of PM2.5/PM10 exhaust and non-exhaust emission factors for practical street pollution modelling

In order to carry out efficient traffic and air quality management, validated models and PM emission estimates are needed. This paper compares current available emission factor estimates for PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 from emission databases and different emission models, and validates these against eight high quality street pollution measurements in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Finland and Austria.The data sets show large variation of the PM concentration and emission factors with season and with location. Consistently at all roads the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emission factors are lower in the summer month than the rest of the year. For example, PM₁₀ emission factors are in average 5–45% lower during the month 6–10 compared to the annual average.The range of observed total emission factors (including non-exhaust emissions) for the different sites during summer conditions are 80–130 mg km⁻¹ for PM₁₀, 30–60 mg km⁻¹ for PM_2.5 and 20–50 mg km⁻¹ for the exhaust emissions.We present two different strategies regarding modelling of PM emissions: (1) For Nordic conditions with strong seasonal variations due to studded tyres and the use of sand/salt as anti-skid treatment a time varying emission model is needed. An empirical model accounting for these Nordic conditions was previously developed in Sweden. (2) For other roads with a less pronounced seasonal variation (e.g. in Denmark, Germany, Austria) methods using a constant emission factor maybe appropriate. Two models are presented here.Further, we apply the different emission models to data sets outside the original countries. For example, we apply the “Swedish” model for two streets without studded tyre usage and the “German” model for Nordic data sets. The “Swedish” empirical model performs best for streets with studded tyre use, but was not able to improve the correlation versus measurements in comparison to using constant emission factors for the Danish side. The “German” method performed well for the streets without clear seasonal variation and reproduces the summer conditions for streets with pronounced seasonal variation. However, the seasonal variation of PM emission factors can be important even for countries not using studded tyres, e.g. in areas with cold weather and snow events using sand and de-icing materials. Here a constant emission factor probably will under-estimate the 90-percentiles and therefore a time varying emission model need to be used or developed for such areas.All emission factor models consistently indicate that a large part (about 50–85% depending on the location) of the total PM₁₀ emissions originates from non-exhaust emissions. This implies that reduction measures for the exhaust part of the vehicle emissions will only have a limited effect on ambient PM₁₀ levels.     

室内箱式变压器结构声污染及对策

通过对置于住宅楼底层室内箱式变压器引起的结构声污染进行调查实测，在对箱式变压器结构声传播进行声学分析基础上，提出了切实可行的防治对策，经实际工程应用验证，效果较好。对机房正上方住房主卧内降噪量为5.0dB，室内夜间噪声降为30.2dB，各层住户夜间烦恼度普遍从非常烦恼或烦恼降为有点烦恼和不大烦恼。这从噪声污染控制的角度证明了变配电房置于住宅楼等噪声敏感建筑物室内底层甚至更高楼层在技术上是可行性的。同时也为杭州市正在试点推广的箱式变压器置于噪声敏感建筑物底层提供了实践依据。     

杭州市中心城区主干道交通噪声现状与控制对策

通过对杭州市中心城区主干道体育场路、凤起路和庆春路的交通噪声监测表明，96％的监测点监测值超过昼间70dB限值要求，其中等效声级Leq在70．0dB～75．0dB的路段长度占监测道路总长度的89．8％：三条交通干线交通噪声的平均等效声级值-↑Leq在71.6dB～73．2dB，按交通噪声污染分级，体育场路和凤起路属于中度交通噪声污染水平，庆春路属于轻度交通噪声污染水平。解决交通噪声污染最可行的措施为对道路进行拓宽，采用疏水沥青低噪声路面，优化车道，调整交通信号，加快车辆行驶速度以及加强交通管理等。     

锅炉蒸气冲管噪声治理初探

锅炉蒸气冲管产生的噪声对环境及人体产生很大影响.由于该噪声源具有瞬时性、影响范围广、治理难度大等特点.本文着重分析了噪声源的治理措施,效果明显,在实际中有较大应用前景.     

鼓楼立交桥交通噪声分析及声屏障设计

通过对鼓楼立交桥机动车流量的实测。运用高架桥交通噪声预测数学模型，对鼓楼立交桥交通噪声剖面分布和地面分布进行了分析。经过计算声程差，得出合理的利用声屏障技术来解决鼓楼立交桥交通噪声问题是可行的。     

热电厂锅炉排汽噪声治理研究

阐述了大型锅炉排汽噪声治理的原理。通过对排汽噪声特征的分析以及消声效果试验，优选设计出一种效果良好的消声器———节流降压、小孔喷注复合消声器。     

城市交通与环境规划

从交通建设、交通工具以及交通管理等多方面论述了城市交通与环境规划的关系，提出了从环境规划的角度，发展城市交通 所应该考虑的几个问题，最后针对这些问题提出了一些建议。