全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14074篇 |
免费 | 953篇 |
国内免费 | 3380篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 851篇 |
废物处理 | 252篇 |
环保管理 | 4054篇 |
综合类 | 8143篇 |
基础理论 | 1422篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 1445篇 |
评价与监测 | 1205篇 |
社会与环境 | 827篇 |
灾害及防治 | 206篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 57篇 |
2023年 | 247篇 |
2022年 | 378篇 |
2021年 | 367篇 |
2020年 | 456篇 |
2019年 | 380篇 |
2018年 | 337篇 |
2017年 | 522篇 |
2016年 | 658篇 |
2015年 | 700篇 |
2014年 | 679篇 |
2013年 | 963篇 |
2012年 | 1009篇 |
2011年 | 1083篇 |
2010年 | 770篇 |
2009年 | 788篇 |
2008年 | 602篇 |
2007年 | 984篇 |
2006年 | 935篇 |
2005年 | 740篇 |
2004年 | 647篇 |
2003年 | 651篇 |
2002年 | 571篇 |
2001年 | 458篇 |
2000年 | 445篇 |
1999年 | 376篇 |
1998年 | 261篇 |
1997年 | 250篇 |
1996年 | 231篇 |
1995年 | 203篇 |
1994年 | 180篇 |
1993年 | 166篇 |
1992年 | 122篇 |
1991年 | 97篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 80篇 |
1988年 | 72篇 |
1987年 | 68篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 46篇 |
1983年 | 56篇 |
1982年 | 58篇 |
1981年 | 72篇 |
1980年 | 79篇 |
1979年 | 73篇 |
1978年 | 50篇 |
1977年 | 48篇 |
1973年 | 44篇 |
1972年 | 38篇 |
1971年 | 58篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
Y.P. Li G.H. Huang H.Z. Li J. Liu 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(5):1191-1207
In this study, a recourse‐based interval fuzzy programming (RIFP) model is developed for tackling uncertainties expressed as fuzzy, interval, and/or probabilistic forms in an effluent trading program. It can incorporate preregulated water‐pollution control policies directly into its optimization process, such that an effective linkage between environmental regulations and economic implications (i.e., penalties) caused by improper policies due to uncertainty existence can be provided. The RIFP model is applied to point‐nonpoint source effluent trading of the Xiangxi River in China. The efficiency of trading efforts between water quality improvement and net system benefit under different degrees of satisfying discharge limits is analyzed. The results are able to help support (1) formulation of water‐pollution control strategies under various economic objectives and system‐reliability constraints, (2) selection of the desired effluent trading pattern for point and nonpoint sources, and (3) generation of tradeoffs among system benefit, satisfaction degree, and pollutant mitigation under multiple uncertainties. Compared with the traditional regulatory approaches, the results demonstrate that the water‐pollution control program can be performed more cost‐effectively through trading than nontrading. 相似文献
612.
Dina A. Salman Saud A. Amer Frank A. Ward 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(5):1208-1225
Climate variability and population growth have intensified the search internationally for measures to adapt to fluctuations in water supplies. An example can be found in the lower part of the transboundary Tigris‐Euphrates Basin where water shortages in 2008‐2009 resulted in high economic costs to irrigation farmers. Losses to irrigators in the lower basin have made a compelling case to identify flexible methods to adapt to water shortage. Few published studies have systematically examined ways to enhance the flexibility of water appropriation systems to adapt to water shortage. This article addresses an ongoing challenge in water governance by examining how profitability at both the farm and basin levels is affected by various water appropriation systems. Four water appropriation systems are compared for impacts on farm income under each of three water supply scenarios. Results show that a (1) proportional sharing of water shortages among provinces and (2) unrestricted water trading rank as the top two appropriation systems. The shadow price of water for irrigation rises from zero at a full water supply level to US$93/1,000 m3 when supply falls to 20% of full levels. Similar methods could be used to analyze challenges facing the design or implementation of water appropriation systems in the world's irrigated regions. 相似文献
613.
Excessive exploitation of and skewed access to dwindling water resources raise serious water justice concerns. Environmental justice movements and related literature have raised critical questions regarding the unequal distribution of the costs and benefits of a development paradigm that is founded on excessive exploitation and appropriation of natural resources. This paper explores the growing relevance of a water justice framework that addresses both the social and ecological aspects of water use and appropriation, with reference to a four-decade long water conflict over the Chaliyar River in Kerala, South India. It highlights how ecosystem degradation and denial of justice go hand in hand. The paper argues that the framing and articulation of the conflict in a partisan manner led to the glossing over of certain critical features, thus preventing a full view of water injustices. It also failed to inform subsequent policies and practices in this regard. 相似文献
614.
This study proposes an improved integrated water resource management (IWRM), in which water conservation was analyzed for the entire water use process. A multi-objective optimization method was applied to optimize the IWRM, which investigated the reduction of freshwater consumption and the total water supply cost. Customer's preference for saving water and an end use analysis (EUA) was applied in the water conservation analysis. Taking Tianjin as the study area, a reduction in customer's economic pressure (EP) was utilized to evaluate the degree of the customer's preference for saving water. The results revealed that agriculture had a greater preference for saving water than other sectors, where as the public had the weakest motivation for saving water. Improving the transportation method could contribute 62.1% of the total water savings in the agriculture sector. The optimization of the IWRM demonstrated that the local freshwater savings would be 21.5%, and the total cost for water supplies would decrease by 13%. However, a government subsidy of 87.5 million Yuan would be needed. Additionally, by analyzing the change in the amount of water savings affected by water price, the appropriate water price increase range was suggested to be 1.5–1.7 times the original price. 相似文献
615.
电子信息行业长期以来都被定义为一个“高产值、低能耗”的清洁产业,其水环境压力经常被低估.以长三角电子信息产业集群的核心地区太湖流域为例,对电子信息行业的水资源消耗、废水和主要污染物排放以及危险废弃物的处置等方面进行了评估,发现高度集聚的巨大产能与特定区域水环境容量的矛盾、污染的产业链转移以及处于“微笑”曲线底部引致的环境投入压力是我国电子信息行业水环境压力的主要表现. 相似文献
616.
通过对我国新旧《生活饮用水卫生标准》和国外饮用水卫生标准的差别比较,结合对国际上发达国家的饮用水卫生标准发展趋势的探讨;表明新的《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)更具先进性,与国际标准接轨;同时其可操作性更强,又与我国国情贴近。 相似文献
617.
618.
619.
620.