局部断层场地对平面SV波的散射

借助Wolf的土层和半空间精确动力刚度矩阵及斜线荷载的格林函数,利用间接边界元法在频域内求解了局部断层场地对SV波的散射,着重分析了破碎带较窄断层两侧围岩动力响应的基本规律,以及场地动力特性对散射的影响.研究表明,破碎带断层对SV波有显著的影响,即使破碎带很窄,也可以对SV波产生很大的放大作用;层状场地的动力特性对放大作用有显著的影响.     

电除尘器伏安特性规律研究

对以480C型板为阳极板、不同阴极线类型、不同极距、不同极线距以及不同辅助电极配置的共计384组典型极配的伏安特性进行了全面系统的试验分析。提出了以I=aV^b幂函数的形式来数学表征常规极配的伏安特性曲线,并给出了对应极配的a、b值,对比结果表明,实测值与函数计算值的符合度均在99.5％以上。     

The TRIPS Agreement and transfer of climate-change-related technologies to developing countries

Despite numerous international commitments to promote transfer of climate-change-related technologies to developing countries, such transfers are not occurring at a rate fast enough to aid these nations in mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. The impact of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on transfer of these technologies is discussed through a detailed examination of relevant TRIPS provisions. The article also addresses options for improving technology transfer through exploitation of existing TRIPS flexibilities, modification of the Agreement, and other public and private legal and policy avenues.     

Modeling watershed-scale effectiveness of agricultural best management practices to reduce phosphorus loading

Planners advocate best management practices (BMPs) to reduce loss of sediment and nutrients in agricultural areas. However, the scientific community lacks tools that use readily available data to investigate the relationships between BMPs and their spatial locations and water quality. In rural, humid regions where runoff is associated with saturation-excess processes from variable source areas (VSAs), BMPs are potentially most effective when they are located in areas that produce the majority of the runoff. Thus, two critical elements necessary to predict the water quality impact of BMPs include correct identification of VSAs and accurate predictions of nutrient reduction due to particular BMPs. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of BMPs using the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, which captures the spatial and temporal evolutions of VSAs in the landscape. Data from a long-term monitoring campaign on a 164-ha farm in the New York City source watersheds in the Catskills Mountains of New York state were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of BMPs. The data spanned an 11-year period over which a suite of BMPs, including a nutrient management plan, riparian buffers, filter strips and fencing, was installed to reduce phosphorus (P) loading. Despite its simplicity, VSLF predicted the spatial distribution of runoff producing areas well. Dissolved P reductions were simulated well by using calibrated reduction factors for various BMPs in the VSLF model. Total P losses decreased only after cattle crossings were installed in the creek. The results demonstrated that BMPs, when sited with respect to VSAs, reduce P loss from agricultural watersheds, providing useful information for targeted water quality management.     

工业复合源大气污染长期扩散浓度模拟计算

在工业复合源大气扩散模式研究的基础上,改造传统大气污染物长期扩散模型,引入了平滑函数,使相邻扇区的交界处具有连续性,提出了计算精度。对于复合源采用坐标变换的方法,解决不同种类,多源污染物季平均浓度值叠加的难题。     

农业干旱灾害关系函数研究

自然灾害Ｄ由孕灾环境（Ｅ）、致灾因子（Ｃ）和承灾体（Ｓ）三大因素共同作用产生,其关系函数为Ｄ＝ｆ（Ｃ,Ｓ,Ｅ）。农业干旱亦是如此,因此,要深入掌握农业干旱的机理,就必须对农业干旱中的这三大因素进行研究。本文对农业干旱三大因素进行了分析,经过数值简化并应用一定技巧后,提出了量化求解此关系函数的方法。对此关系函数进行进一步分析可以看出,该方法实质亦为区域农业干旱脆弱性评价的一种间接方法。有关澜沧江下游     

我国主体功能区生态补偿思路研究

主体功能区生态补偿是一种新型生态补偿方式。具有目标多元性、定位战略性、机制科学性、等级层次性、政策配套性。与传统生态补偿相比．不仅生态学、经济学等相关理论是主体功能区生态补偿的科学基础,而且区域分工理论、区域发展空间均衡理论、区域管治理论对其也有重要的指导意义。在实施生态补偿中,应遵循注重科学、政府主导、规范有序、协商一致等原则构建生态补偿模式,为促进这一新型生态补偿的落实。需要注意：树立大局意识,引领生态补偿;完善规章制度．规范生态补偿;科学规划先行．落实生态补偿;改革财政预算,提高补偿效果;完善配套政策。协动生态补偿。     

城市化对上海河网结构和功能的发育影响

城市化河网水系的演变产生了深刻的影响,也使城市化地区水系的界定变得模糊。基于水利片这一城市集排水的基本单元,借鉴上海水务部门河流等级管理系统,探讨了上海河网的结构特征以及城市化对河网发育的影响。研究表明,上海河网发育基本符合水系发育的一般规律;城市化已经成为改变城市地区河网结构发育趋势的主导因素,其影响集中地表现为河网长度发育能力的弱化、河网结构简单化和河道形态的人工化;河网结构与水网功能之间有着密切的关联;水面率、河面率、平均分枝比、平均长度比、单位面积槽蓄容量和单位面积可调蓄容量是上海城市河网结构和功能的主要表征指标。     

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.     

Determination of alcohol compounds using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry （IMS） is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions （H2O）nH^＋ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions （H2O）nH^＋. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L.