Managing international collaboration for the development and application of environmental technologies: opportunities for China & other Asia Pacific countries

Increased international cooperation in the field of contaminated site management has resulted in the formation of numerous networks and fora. The key benefits of increased co-operation are perceived to be in the reduction of duplication in efforts, particularly related to industry, in the co-ordination of contaminated site research, policy development and information dissemination. The paper introduces and briefly discusses key networks and collaborative projects currently in operation throughout the world relating to contaminated site management. The experience shared within these groups should prove useful to the application of such environmental problems in China and the Asia-Pacific region.     

生命周期矩阵在评价环境标志产品中的应用

环境标志说明产品在其整个生命周期中的环境表现满足一定的要求。生命周期评价技术被许多国家作为认证环境标志产品的工具。文章介绍了生命周期评价的定义和框架，以及简式生命周期矩阵在评价环境标志产品中的应用。在分析简式生命周期矩阵不足的基础上，提出了用于评价环境标志产品的改进生命周期矩阵。最后，探讨了生命周期矩阵在其它领域的应用。     

一种新的模糊聚类方法在环境评价中的应用

本文提出了一种新的模湖直接泵类方法，并将其应用于环境质量评价中，实例计算表明该方法直观明了，大大减少计算量，更适用于计算机上实现。     

滇池治理与滇中调水

通过对滇池水环境污染治理的综合分析和认识，说明滇中地区既需举全力综合治理水环境污染，更需及早实施区外引水，按照资源环境承载能力和云南省政府提出的“一极三向五群”的发展战略，及早决策，治污和引水双管齐下，以促进和谐云南的建设。     

四种填料充氧性能试验研究

在试验条件相同的情况下,对装有不同填料的四个反应柱进行了清水充氧性能试验及机理研究,试验采用氧总转移系数(KLa)、氧气转移率(dC/dt)、充氧能力(RO)、氧利用率(EA)、充氧动力效率(EP)五项指标进行充氧性能评价.研究认为填料能够显著提高曝气设备的充氧性能,与空白柱相比,浮石填料柱的5项评价指标均提高了31%,陶粒柱1、陶柱柱2和陶粒柱3则分别提高了7%、19%和17%,浮石填料柱的充氧性能明显优于其它填料柱.     

溢油指示物(指标)的HPLC模糊最大矩阵元研究

为了探讨ＨＰＬＣ模糊最大矩阵元作溢油指示物的可行性，用ＨＰＬＣ－ＦＬＤ对１５种常见油品和２种油品的海上不同风化时间的油样以及７种室外风化油样进行了分析，选取油样色谱指纹作为数据处理信息点，计算出模糊最大矩阵元λｉ。     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的前处理方法比较

采用液-液萃取、索氏提取和基质固相分散3种不同的方法对青椒样品进行前处理，用毛细管气相色谱法对处理后样品中的DDV、甲拌磷、甲基-对硫磷和马拉硫磷等农药残留进行测定，并对不同前处理方法的回收率和精密度进行比较。结果：3种方法的回收率和RSD相当，但基质固相分散操作较为方便简单、溶剂消耗量少。     

氯代芳烃催化氢转移脱氯的研究

本文以甲酸钠为氢源,对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮锚定的ＰｄＣｌ２催化氯代芳烃脱氯进行了研究,考察了反应条件对反应的影响,研究了脱氯的选择性。结果表明;该方法具有卓越的脱氯选择性,催化剂用量少,反应条件温和,操作简便。本文并对其脱氯反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

北大港水库调蓄“引江水”水质变化

通过模拟实验研究了北大港水库底泥释放氯离子的规律,建立了数学模型。采用2 0 0 3年第8次“引黄济津”水质监测数据,验证了模型的有效性。最后,利用该数学模型,预测了南水北调“引江水”在水库中调蓄时的水质变化。认为在合理调度运用的情况下,根据工程规划,北大港水库可以满足作为南水北调调蓄水库的水质要求     

Conserving Slow-Growing, Long-Lived Tree Species: Input from the Demography of a Rare Understory Conifer, Taxus floridana

Abstract:  Although land preservation and promotion of successful regeneration are important conservation actions, their ability to increase population growth rates of slow-growing, long-lived trees is limited. We investigated the demography of Taxus floridana Nutt., a rare understory conifer, in three populations in different ravine forests spanning its entire geographic range along the Apalachicola River Bluffs in northern Florida (U.S.A.). We examined spatial and temporal patterns in demographic parameters and projected population growth rates by using four years of data on the recruitment and survival of seedlings and established stems, and on diameter growth from cross-sections of dead stems. All populations experienced a roughly 10-fold increase in seedling recruitment in 1996 compared with other years. The fates of seedlings and stems between 8 and 16 mm differed among populations. The fates of stems in two other size classes (the 2- to 4-mm class and the 4- to 8-mm class) differed among both populations and years. Individual stems in all populations exhibited similarly slow growth rates. Stochastic matrix models projected declines in all populations. Stochastic matrix analysis revealed the high elasticity of a measure of stochastic population growth rate to perturbations in the stasis of large reproductive stems for all populations. Additional analyses also indicated that occasional episodes of high recruitment do not greatly affect population growth rates. Conservation efforts directed at long-lived, slow-growing rare plants like Taxus floridana should both protect established reproductive individuals and further enhance survival of individuals in other life-history stages, such as juveniles, that often do not appear to contribute greatly to population growth rates.