微孔曝气国内外研究进展及趋势分析

分析比较了国内外微孔曝气研究和应用实例,指出了目前微孔曝气技术的研究重点。同时,综合国内外研究人员的研究成果,分别叙述了曝气量、安装水深、安装面积、孔径、水质和气孔堵塞状况对微孔曝气充氧性能的影响,对不同影响因素的作用效果做了总结,并指出目前研究存在的问题。以期对污水处理厂曝气系统的优化提供借鉴,对拟采用微孔曝气法进行生态修复的研究提供参考。     

Numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of stainless steel 316L metal powders

This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of SS grade 316L powder on top of AISI 316L substrate using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The objectives of the present study are to understand the effect of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and beam size on geometry characteristics of the melt zone and ball formation. We formulated a moving heat source problem and obtained transient temperature solutions using commercial finite element solver. The geometry characteristics of the melt zone are evaluated from the temperature solutions and compared with experimental results. The effect of laser parameters on the geometry, morphology and homogeneity of single track realization was methodically analyzed by utilizing characterization tools such as laser particle size analyzer, macro and microscopic inspection, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results presented in this paper are beneficial to realize homogenous layer formation in additive manufacturing processes involving powder melting by laser beam.     

Effect of cooling rate and laser process parameters on additive manufactured Fe–Ti–C metal matrix composites microstructure and carbide morphology

In this paper, laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of Fe–TiC composite coating on AISI 1030 carbon steel is investigated using a numerical and experimental method. In order to have a desired result using LAM, it is crucial to understand the effects of the process parameters’ values on the TiC morphology and microstructure. For this purpose, the LAM process is numerically simulated in order to calculate cooling rate and peak temperature. Experimental data and numerical results are in good agreement in terms of the phase development. Results show that cooling rate plays a crucial role in phase transformation in the clad, however, final microstructure strongly depends on the cooling rate and powder's chemical composition. Two main carbide morphologies (i.e. dendritic and particulate) are studied and relevant cooling rates are detected. Based on this paper and developed map, it is possible to control the cooling rate in order to achieve specific carbide morphologies in the clad. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize clads’ microstructure.     

新旧微孔曝气器氧转移速率试验研究

以某污水处理厂运行4年多的旧盘式曝气器和同型号的新盘式曝气器为试验对象,对其氧转移速率进行了对比试验,结果表明新旧曝气盘氧转移速率均明显分为两个阶段,运行了4年的旧曝气盘微孔数量减少、微孔孔径增大、气泡数量减少、气泡尺寸增大,氧转移速率比新曝气盘降低了29.2%。因此,污水处理厂在日常运行管理中要做好曝气器的保养工作,及时清洗更换破损、堵塞的曝气器避免能耗浪费。     

三峡库区香溪河消落带及库岸土壤重金属迁移特征及来源分析

在测定香溪河消落带(海拔145~175 m)和库岸(海拔175~185 m)土壤重金属含量的基础上,分析重金属的迁移特征,运用地累积指数进行污染评价,同时采用因子分析-多元线性回归(FA-MLR)分析重金属的来源和各来源的贡献比率.结果表明,2012年落干时段内(6~9月),香溪河库岸上层和下层土壤重金属含量都在减少,消落带重金属含量上层土壤减少,下层土壤增多;库岸重金属向消落带迁移,消落带重金属向下层积累.重金属污染级别是Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr,主要风险元素为Cd,各重金属污染程度评价等级都在中等以下.FA-MLR分析表明,消落带75.60%的Pb来源于交通运输,62.03%的Cd来源于农业,64.71%的Cu和75.36%的Cr来源于天然矿石.在库岸,82.26%的Pb来源于交通运输,68.63%的Cd来源于农业,65.72%的Cu和69.33%的Cr来源于天然矿石.FA-MLR成功地模拟了香溪河消落带和库岸土壤重金属的来源,并给出各来源的贡献率;同时揭示了重金属的迁移特征,能为香溪河流域重金属污染防治提供有益参考.     

美人蕉根系对不同基质结构水平潜流人工湿地水力特性的影响

为了研究植物根系对不同基质结构潜流人工湿地水力特性的影响,根据填料渗透系数,分别设置单层及多层基质结构潜流人工湿地小试实验系统,以美人蕉作为湿地植物,在植物栽种前与成熟后对两系统分别开展示踪试验研究.实验结果表明,美人蕉根系对于单层结构人工湿地水力特性有较明显的改善作用,有效体积从0.49提高到了0.53,短路值由0.60降低到0.41,水力效率提高最大由43%提高到59%.比较而言,植物根系对多层结构湿地有效体积和短路值有轻微负面影响,而对水力效率则有明显的改善作用(由64%提高到83%).此外,植物成熟后,两人工湿地系统中示踪剂回收率均有所下降,其中,单层结构湿地降低较显著,回收率由72%降到62%.可见,植物根系对系统水力特性有较大影响,应在人工湿地设计过程中给予考虑.     

水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水机理研究

采用水解酸化-好氧法对经物化预处理的油田废水进行试验研究.当进水COD为190～220 mg·L^-1时,水解酸化段和好氧段停留时间均为10h的条件下,出水COD为65～75 mg·L^-1,达到GB3550-83第一级Ⅰ类标准.运用GC/MS技术分析油田废水有机污染物在工艺流程中相对组分变化的规律,揭示了水解酸化-好氧法处理油田废水过程中的污染物迁移和降解规律.并运用PCR-DGGE技术,考察不同生物反应器内微生物种群及其分布特征,初步确定水解酸化和好氧反应器内的优势菌种.     

Bioaccumulation of Hg, Cu, and Zn in the Azores triple junction hydrothermal vent fields food web

In this work, mercury (Hg), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations and tissue distribution are determined in seven benthic invertebrates species (the key species) from the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) hydrothermal vent fields. The samples were collected from three hydrothermal vent fields – Menez Gwen, 840 m; Lucky Strike, 1700 m and Rainbow, 2300 m – near the Azores Triple Junction. These fields are characterized by different depths, geological context and chemical composition of the hydrothermal fluid, particularly the metal content, which is reflected by the metal concentrations in the organisms. Indeed, our results show that organisms from Menez Gwen presented the highest Hg concentrations, while those from Lucky Strike and Rainbow were richer in Cu and Zn. The potential transfer of these metals through two trophic links are also evaluated and include (1) the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus and the commensal worm Branchipolynoe seepensis, and (2) three different species of shrimps and the crab Segonzacia mesatlantica. No evidence of Hg biomagnification in either of the vent food chains is clearly observed but an increase in Hg accumulation from prey to predator in the crustacean food chain. The same pattern was observed for Cu and Zn, even though these metals are not known to be generally biomagnified in food chains.     

微纳米气液分散体系吸收NO

以模拟烟气为气源,去离子水为水源,通过微纳米气泡发生器形成微纳米气液分散体系,吸收模拟烟气中的NO,考察了多种因素对脱硝率(η)和气相体积总传质系数(KGa)的影响,分析了微纳米气液分散体系吸收NO的反应机理。结果表明:η和KGa随着进气NO体积分数和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)质量浓度的提高而下降;随着吸收液初始pH的提高先降低后升高;随着进气O_2体积分数的增大而提高;随着吸收液温度的升高先提高后降低;控制进气NO体积分数为0.06%时,在吸收液初始pH为2.0、吸收剂为去离子水、吸收液温度为25℃、进气O_2体积分数为10%的最佳条件下,脱硝率可达81.0%。微纳米气液分散体系是通过产生羟基自由基从而对NO进行氧化吸收的。