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951.
铁盐作为自养反硝化电子供体时,被氧化产生的高价铁易于沉淀,使得反硝化微生物表面产生"铁壳",其抑制微生物的活性,甚至导致微生物死亡.为解决自养铁盐脱氮反应器因"铁壳"包被而导致的反应器效能下降问题,本文采用共基质模式培养铁盐脱氮反应器,即在反应器进水中适量添加少量乙酸钠,作为有机电子供体,以期实现铁盐脱氮反应器的高效、稳定运行.结果表明,添加适量有机物可使得铁盐脱氮反应器高效稳定运行,效能(以N计)达0. 51 kg·(m3·d)-1,稳定运行约30d.共基质模式下,反应器运行期间始终可以检测到异养菌.结合污泥的TEM检测结果,发现在铁盐脱氮反应器稳定运行期间,异养菌是铁盐脱氮主力军,其独特的铁盐代谢方式可有效避免铁壳形成.本项研究有效解决了铁盐脱氮过程中微生物"铁壳"包被难题,将助力于自养脱氮技术的研发及应用. 相似文献
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954.
Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu I: Chemical forms and their transformation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Organic phosphorus(nonreactive P,NRP)is a major component of P in sediments,but information about its chemical forms and dynamic transformation is limited.The chemical forms and dynamic behaviors of NRP in a sediment profile from Lake Taihu,a freshwater and eutrophic lake in China,were investigated.Five forms of NRP in the sediments were extracted based on a chemical fractionation technique,including easily labile NRP(NaHCO3-NRP),reactive metal oxide-bound NRP(HCl-NRP),humic acid-associated NRP(NaOH-NRPHA),fulvic acid-associated NRP(NaOH-NRPFA)and residual NRP(Res-TP).There were notable transformations with increasing sediment depth from the labile NaHCO3-NRP and NaOH-NRP pools to the recalcitrant HCl-NRP and Res-TP pools,which caused the NRP to become increasingly recalcitrant as the early diagenetic processes proceeded.Further analyses showed that the relative changes in contents of organic matter and reactive Fe oxides in the sediment profile triggered a competition for binding NRP fractions and led to the transformation of NRP.The results highlighted the importance of abiotic processes in regulating the diagenesis of organic P and its stability in sediments. 相似文献
955.
Satoru Isoda 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,(S1):S172-S179
Power conversion efficiency of p-i-n type microcrystalline silicon (c-Si:H) solar cells has been analyzed in terms of sequential processes of photo-induced electron transfer. The effect of the excitonic state on the charged carrier generation has been studied compared to a conventional scheme in which only charged carriers are taken into account for the operation of the solar cells. A numerical model has been developed to calculate current-voltage characteristics of solar cells on the basis of two types of charged carrier generation processes (exciton process and charged carrier process). The light trapping effect due to a textured back surface reflector (BSR) was embedded in the numerical model by using the effective medium theory in combination with the matrix method in the field of the electromagnetic theory of light. As an application of this modeling, it was found that the reported data of the power conversion efficiency were not explained by the conventional charged carrier process model and that the combined model of the charged carrier process with the exciton process well explains the performance of the p-i-n type c-Si:H solar cells. In this way, the typical power conversion efficiencies were estimated to be 10.5% for the device (i-layer thickness: 1.8 m) with the BSR (period: 600 nm; height: 250 nm) and 8.6% for the device with the flat reflector under the condition that the fractions of the exciton process and charged carrier process were 60% and 40%, respectively. 相似文献
956.
Power conversion efficiency of p-i-n type macrocrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H) solar cells has been analyzed in terms of sequential processes of photo-induced electron transfer. The effect of the excitonic state on the charged carrier generation has been studied compared to a conventional scheme in which only charged carriers are taken into account for the operation of the solar cells. A numerical model has been developed to calculate current-voltage characteristics of solar cells on the basis of two types of charged carrier generation processes (exciton process and charged carrier process). The light trapping effect due to a textured back surface reflector (BSR) was embedded in the numerical model by using the effective medium theory in combination with the matrix method in the field of the electromagnetic theory of light. As an application of this modeling, it was found that the reported data of the power conversion efficiency were not explained by the conventional charged carrier process model and that the combined model of the charged carrier process with the exciton process well explains the performance of the p-i-n type μc-Si:H solar cells. In this way, the typical power conversion efficiencies were estimated to be 10.5% for the device (i-layer thickness: 1.8 μm) with the BSR (period: 600 nm; height: 250 nm) and 8.6% for the device with the flat reflector under the condition that the fractions of the exciton process and charged carrier process were 60% and 40%, respectively. 相似文献
957.
采用固定床气化装置,在水蒸气流量为0.32 kg/h条件下进行了污泥水蒸气气化实验。研究了温度对污泥气化气体产率、氢气产率、气体成分与低位热值、气体能源转化率的影响。结果表明:随着反应温度从700℃上升到1 000℃;气体产率从0.39 m3/kg升至0.61 m3/kg;氢气产率从0.18 m3/kg升至0.34 m3/kg;气体能源转化率从54%升至88%;产气的低位热值从10 688.1 kJ/m3提高至11 168.9 kJ/m3。同时产气中H2和CO含量随着温度的升高而增加,CH4、CO2和CnHm含量随温度的升高而减少。因此,为了获得更多的可燃气体,建议在污泥水蒸气气化工艺中,气化温度必须大于800℃。 相似文献
958.
一株好氧反硝化菌的筛选鉴定及固定化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选得到1株好氧反硝化细菌(YS),对其进行分子生物学鉴定和理化性能测试,并考察了该菌株固定化前后反硝化能力的变化.鉴定结果表明,菌株YS为反硝化产碱菌(Alcaligenes denitrificans).菌株经固定化后,其酶活力有所下降,但稳定性增强,在4 ℃下储存50 d后,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率仍可维持在80%以上,而游离态菌株仅为15%.在pH 7.0条件下,固定态菌株的反硝化率比游离态菌株低3%左右,但当pH降低至5.0时,固定态菌株对硝酸根的去除率为72.4%,比游离态菌株高2.6%,表明固定态菌株比游离态菌株更适应于弱酸的环境.在不同的工艺条件下,固定态菌株与游离态菌株反硝化能力的变化趋势相同.菌株YS的最适条件为:接种量1.5%左右,pH为6.0,C/N比为11,葡萄糖为碳源. 相似文献
959.
新型生物滴滤填料性能评价 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
填料是微生物附着生长、水分保持的支撑体,填料的性能直接关系到污染物的最终去除效果.研究开发了3种新型生物滴滤填料:纹翼多面球、改性毛刺球和空心多面柱.测试表明3种填料中,空心多面柱和纹翼多面球的结构特性参数均优于普通的生物滴滤填料,特别是比表面积,达到了200 m2·m-3左右.纹翼多面球的阻力系数ζ在挂膜前后几乎没有变化,而毛刺球的阻力系数ζ增长明显.生物滴滤塔(BTF)实验表明,采用空心多面柱的BTF挂膜启动的时间明显快于其他两种填料;稳定运行阶段实验结果表明,当甲苯和乙醇进口浓度分别为687.37 mg·m-3和651.17 mg·m-3时,采用纹翼多面球的BTF去除效果较好,对于两者的去除率分别达到了76.78%和99.23%.生物量测试表明,3种填料湿生物量也均高于普通的聚丙烯鲍尔环.纹翼多面球填料易实现生物膜的更新与剥落,稳定运行后期单位填料层压降维持在51.6 Pa·m-1,而毛刺球平均压降显著升高(193.3 Pa·m-1),出现了严重堵塞现象. 相似文献
960.
土壤重金属通过发生溶解、沉淀、吸附、氧化等物理、化学一系列反应后,最终以多种形态存在于土壤中,在生物体内富集,或转化为毒性更大的甲基化合物。本文调查了部分矿区污染的基本情况和修复效果,提出了矿区重金属复合性污染产生的原因和亟待解决的问题。 相似文献