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151.
Development of a novel mathematical model using a group contribution method for prediction of ionic liquid toxicities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ismail Hossain M Samir BB El-Harbawi M Masri AN Abdul Mutalib MI Hefter G Yin CY 《Chemosphere》2011,85(6):990-994
A new mathematical model has been developed that expresses the toxicities (EC50 values) of a wide variety of ionic liquids (ILs) towards the freshwater flea Daphnia magna by means of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). The data were analyzed using summed contributions from the cations, their alkyl substituents and anions. The model employed multiple linear regression analysis with polynomial model using the MATLAB software. The model predicted IL toxicities with R2 = 0.974 and standard error of estimate of 0.028. This model affords a practical, cost-effective and convenient alternative to experimental ecotoxicological assessment of many ILs. 相似文献
152.
固体声在建筑物内的衰减、反射和透射 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固体声波在建筑物内传播会产生衰减、反射和透射。文中对居民楼内的固体传声进行了理论分析,认为建筑物内固体声传播过程中存在扩散衰减、结构突变衰减和阻尼损失衰减。同时,固体声波在墙体或楼板内反射使声能密度大大增加;固体声在传播过程中会向空气中透射,使得居民室内产生结构噪声污染。文中对某小区变压器房结构噪声进行理论分析和计算,预测了变压器房上方室内的结构噪声级,计算结果表明,当设备基础上振动级达到90 dB时,二楼居民室内的结构噪声级可达到41.3 dB,这对人们的正常生活会产生十分不利的影响。计算值与实际测量值较为吻合,说明理论分析和预测计算基本是可信的。 相似文献
153.
154.
L-Cysteine has protective efficacy in cases of oxidative tissue injury. Sodium valproate is widely used as an anticonvulsant and an antidepressant in spite of hepatotoxicity as side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of L-cysteine in liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate overdose. Release of the hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of lipid profiles, as well as the oxidative, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic antioxidant were assessed. Liver damage was judged histologically. L-Cysteine decreased the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as improved the level of lipid profile, increased the enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and decreased the lipid peroxidation. L-Cysteine administration inhibited liver injury of sodium valproate. 相似文献
155.
采用动态密闭气室分析法测定了沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)群落、赖草(Leymus secalinus)群落、甘草(Glycyrrhizauralensis)群落和冰草(Agropyron crisatum)群落4种典型荒漠草原植物群落土壤呼吸和枯落物分解的CO2释放速率(RS+L)、土壤呼吸CO2释放速率(RS),利用推导法估算得到了枯落物分解的CO2释放速率(RL)及其对总释放的贡献。得到了如下结论:(1)4种群落的RS+L差异较大,其平均值大小排序分别为冰草群落〉赖草群落〉甘草群落〉沙蒿群落,且各群落的RS+L在1 d中是不稳定的,均表现为不对称的单峰曲线形式;土壤基础呼吸大小排序分别为冰草群落〉甘草群落〉赖草群落〉沙蒿群落,且土壤基础呼吸高的土壤,其土壤养分状况较好。(2)RS相对于气温具有时滞性,4个群落的平均值大小为冰草群落〉赖草群落〉沙蒿群落〉甘草群落。(3)RL平均值大小排序分别为冰草群落〉甘草群落〉赖草群落〉沙蒿群落;对RS+L的贡献率大小排序为甘草群落〉冰草群落〉沙蒿群落〉赖草群落,表明RL值大的,其对RS+L的贡献率不一定大,两者之间不存在正相关关系。不同植物群落枯落物对土壤呼吸的贡献与枯落物量、温度因子的相关关系并未表现出一致性,但与15 cm处的地温相关性最高。夏季RL对RS+L的平均贡献量(以CO2计)在0.05~0.16 g.m-2.h-1之间,平均贡献率在12.88%~35.33%,是大气CO2的一个重要的排放源。 相似文献
156.
An agent-based model of red colobus resources and disease dynamics implicates key resource sites as hot spots of disease transmission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of anthropogenic landscape change on disease in wildlife populations represents a growing conservation and public health concern. Red colobus monkeys (Procolobus rufomitratus), an endangered primate species, are particularly susceptible to habitat alteration and have been the focus of a great deal of disease and ecological research as a result. To infer how landscape changes can affect host and parasite dynamics, a spatially explicit agent-based model is created to simulate movement and foraging of this primate, based on a resource landscape estimated from extensive plot-derived tree population data from Kibale National Park, Uganda. Changes to this resource landscape are used to simulate effects of anthropogenic forest change. With each change in the landscape, disease outcomes within the simulated red colobus population are monitored using a hypothetical microparasite with a directly transmitted life cycle. The model predicts an optimal distribution of resources which facilitates the spread of an infectious agent through the simulated population. The density of resource rich sites and the overall heterogeneity of the landscape are important factors contributing to this spread. The characteristics of this optimal distribution are similar to those of logged sections of forest adjacent to our study area. 相似文献
157.
Simulation of thermodynamic transmission in green roof ecosystem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hongming He 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(24):2949-3650
Green roofs entail the creation of vegetated space on the top of artificial structures. They can modify the thermal properties of buildings to bring cooling energy conservation and improve human comfort. This study evaluates the thermodynamic transmission in the green roof ecosystem under different vegetation treatments. Our model simulation is based on the traditional Bowen ratio energy balance model (BREBM) and a proposed solar radiation shield effectiveness model (SEM). The BREBM investigates energy absorption of different components of radiation, and the SEM evaluates the radiation shield effects. The proposed model is tested and validated to be efficient to simulate solar energy transmission in green roofs, with some major findings. Firstly, the solar radiation transmission processes might be considered as free vibration motion. Daytime positive heat storage of the green roof is 350-520 W·m−2 on an hourly basis. Nighttime or afternoon negative value registers a rather constant magnitude of −60 W·m−2. Daily net average is positive around 155-210 W·m−2. Secondly, solar radiation vibration is highly correlated with plant structure. The canopy reflectance and transmittance are strongly correlated (R2 = 0.87). The multi-layer shrub treatment has the highest shield effectiveness (0.34), followed by two-layer groundcover (0.27), and single-layer grass (0.16). Green roof vegetation absorbs and stores large amounts of heat to form an effective thermal buffer against daily temperature fluctuation. Vegetated roofs drastically depress air temperature in comparison with bare ground (control treatment). Finally, the thermodynamic model is relatively simple and efficient for investigating thermodynamic transmission in green roof ecosystem, and it could be developed into a broad solar radiant land cover model. 相似文献
158.
在对供电企业生产特点分析的基础上,以作业项目为研究对象,通过事故逆推法、调查问卷法和访谈法等多种方法确定供电企业危险检查表,共计19类118项;并建立了适用于一线员工使用的危险检查表与工作危害分析(JHA)危险场景描述相结合的危险辨识方法;该方法在太原供电分公司6大专业146个作业项目及1084个工作场景进行应用,实用结果表明:通过员工层控制可达到危险消除或控制的效果。 相似文献
159.
杨昆 《中国安全生产科学技术》2014,10(6):157-158
为了解决主要通风机在测风量过程中在线实时监测等问题,建立了以无线传输技术为基础的三层传输系统框架,并将改进的数据融合算法引入到风量值数据处理当中,通过选取阙值区间利用二次曲线函数来消除阙值点处相互支持的模糊性,取得最优融合传感器组,并对实测数据进行抗干扰实验分析。实验结果表明,无线传输方式有利于风量数据的在线实时监测;改进的数据融合算法能及时有效地消除传感器的测量偏差、提高风量数据的测量精确度。研究结果对煤矿主要通风机风量在线远程监测具一定的理论价值和实用意义。 相似文献
160.
电力防恐是电力安全运营的重要保证。通过风险指数评价方法构建高压输电杆塔遭受恐怖袭击评价的基本层级,以技术接受模型确定防恐风险指标选取原则和特点,结合高压输电杆塔的实际参数,设定单个指标的判断方法并建立高压输电杆塔防恐风险值的算法。实例验证表明,该算法能准确辨识高风险袭击对象,能有效提升高压输电线路防恐能力。 相似文献