Prenatal diagnosis of congenital Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis)

The prenatal diagnosis of congenital transmission of Chagas' disease in a pregnant woman with the indeterminate form of the disease is reported. Sonography revealed fetal hydrops at 31 weeks' gestation. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgM and IgG antibodies were negative in the fetal blood sampled by cordocentesis, but T. cruzi trypomastigotes were found in its buffy coat. Owing to anemia, in utero exchange transfusion was undertaken, but fetal demise ensued. Labor was induced and a stillborn infant weighing 2030 g was delivered. The pathological examination revealed placentitis and meningoencephalitis, myocarditis and splenitis in the stillborn fetus. Amastigotes were found in the myocardium, brain and placenta. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京秋冬季一次重污染过程PM2.5来源数值模拟研究

利用WRF模式(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)和嵌套网格空气质量模式(NAQPMS)对2016年11月发生在京津冀地区一次PM_(2.5)污染事件进行模拟研究并分析污染过程中的天气形势变化.结果表明,均压场、低空逆温层和偏南暖湿气流输送的存在为北京地区PM_(2.5)形成提供了有利条件,NAQPMS模式能够合理的再现北京大气污染物时空变化,细颗粒物PM_(2.5)和可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)模拟与观测数据相关系数达0.71,模拟数据在观测数据两倍范围内占比(FAC2)达65%.源解析结果表明,在不考虑临时实施减控措施下,11月18日区域外输送对北京PM_(2.5)浓度贡献为55.25%,区域内输送贡献为44.75%,北京东北区域PM_(2.5)外地源主要为河北中部、河北南部、天津和山东,所占贡献为9.67%、9.01%、7.90%和7.99%.污染物主要来源为生活源、交通源和工业源,分别占比39.6%、34.6%和20.0%.而实际上北京在唐山、保定采取一系列控制措施后仍在研究时段内出现高PM_(2.5)浓度,意味着在同样天气形势下需要对河北中部、河北南部、天津和山东等浓度贡献占比大的城市加强减排管控才能有效减缓高PM_(2.5)浓度的出现.     

高压直流输电换流阀冷却系统泄漏保护分析

提出了一种高压晶闸管换流阀冷却系统泄漏保护方法,当水冷却系统在一定时间内泄漏量超过换流阀要求的泄漏流量时泄漏保护能正确动作,同时避免由于冷却介质的热胀冷缩而引起误判断,对国内新建直流工程有指导意义。     

“三线一单”对重构环境准入体系的意义及关键环节

“放管服”背景下以环评为核心的环境准入体系面临工作周期长、制度效率低、结论可验证性差、社会认可度不高等诸多挑战。本文针对“三线一单”具有的早期介入和共享区域基础信息的工作特征,认为将“三线一单”纳入环境准入体系后可以更好地发挥系统性预防作用,提升政府的决策能力和环评工作效率,实现环境准入体系的高质量和高效率。在重构环境准入体系方面,提出了“三线一单”与规划环评和项目环评制度衔接的关键环节:明确三项制度不同的职责定位和责任主体、厘清三项制度的衔接环节,以及完善三项制度间的信息交互。     

Damage to Cauliflower Coral by Monofilament Fishing Lines in Hawaii

Abstract:  Many fishing methods and gear types used in coral reefs cause physical damage to the reef substratum. Only recently have monofilament fishing lines been recognized as a cause of coral damage and death. We assessed the extent of damage caused by monofilament fishing lines to the cauliflower coral (  Pocillopora meandrina ) colonies in fished and adjacent unfished zones at seven sites in the main Hawaiian islands. We examined coral colonies for the presence or absence of fishing line and for the degree of damage (dead, no live coral surface; damaged, some dead coral surface; or intact, no dead coral surface) in nine 25-m² grids. The mean proportion of colonies entangled with fishing lines in fished zones ranged from 0.18 to 0.44. The mean proportion of dead or damaged colonies was higher in fished than adjacent unfished zones, and there was a positive linear relationship between the proportion of colonies entangled with fishing lines and the proportion of dead or damaged colonies. These results indicate that monofilament fishing lines have a negative impact on the health and survival of P. meandrina colonies. Because tourism and related recreational fishing activities are expanding rapidly in many tropical states and nations, we recommend that the degrading effects of fishing lines on corals be considered in the design and management of tourism development.     

Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications

Social network theory has made major contributions to our understanding of human social organisation but has found relatively little application in the field of animal behaviour. In this review, we identify several broad research areas where the networks approach could greatly enhance our understanding of social patterns and processes in animals. The network theory provides a quantitative framework that can be used to characterise social structure both at the level of the individual and the population. These novel quantitative variables may provide a new tool in addressing key questions in behavioural ecology particularly in relation to the evolution of social organisation and the impact of social structure on evolutionary processes. For example, network measures could be used to compare social networks of different species or populations making full use of the comparative approach. However, the networks approach can in principle go beyond identifying structural patterns and also can help with the understanding of processes within animal populations such as disease transmission and information transfer. Finally, understanding the pattern of interactions in the network (i.e. who is connected to whom) can also shed some light on the evolution of behavioural strategies.     

人工注气及生物产气对孔隙介质中DNAPL运移影响

重非水相液体(DNAPLs)的污染和治理问题是国内外研究热点,由地下水曝气技术注入的人工气体或生物作用等产生的气体必然对DNAPL在地下水系统中的运移及修复产生影响.采用CCD实时监测系统,以TCE为目标污染物,通过3个二维砂箱试验,以饱水条件下DNAPL的运移为对照,研究了人工注气及生物产气对DNAPL在孔隙介质中运移的影响.结果表明:(1)基于CCD相机的透射光监测系统是一种研究二维孔隙介质中多相流迁移规律的有效非侵入式监测方法,应用于实时监测水/NAPL,水/气,水/NAPL/气多相系统中流体渗流过程.(2)人工注气和生物产气两种条件下,气体在多孔介质中的分布特征有差异,前一条件下气体连续分布,后一条件下则以非连续分布的气泡为主.(3)在水/气两相系统中,气体的存在使得DNAPL污染羽的整体形状更加不规则;同时缩短了TCE污染羽前缘整体平均垂向下迁距离;也导致迁移路径上孔隙中TCE的截留量变小.DNAPL的入渗过程受重力影响以垂向渗流为主,垂向渗流时易于驱替孔隙中的水分,然而水平渗流时优先驱替孔隙中的空气.     

泥水平衡顶管技术在川气东送管道工程中的应用

介绍了泥水平衡顶管施工中采取的改进措施,实践证明,改进后未发生任何安全事故,且比预期提前了18天。     

省级污水处理厂GPRS无线数据传输监测系统设计与实施

以辽宁省环境信息中心为例,介绍了利用GPRS（通用分组无线业务）无线传输技术监测全省污水处理厂污水排放、污水处理情况的“省级污水处理GPRS无线数据传输监测系统”。该系统将对污水处理厂各监测仪器进行实时监控,并把监测仪器送到PLC采集器中的数据通过无线传输上传到省污水处理监控中心,在监控中心可以对数据实时监测,对监测仪器设备实时监控,并对数据进行处理,使污染排放监管部门能更及时、准确、具体、全面地掌握全省环境质量、环境监控和重点污染源的数据和信息,以提高执法的快速反应能力、全面的监管能力和科学决策的支持能力。