A new pre-assessment model for failure-probability-based-planning by neural network

At present, the prediction of failure probability is based on the operation period for laid pipelines, and the method is complicated and time-consuming. If the failure probability can be predicted in the planning stage, the risk assessment system of gas pipeline will be greatly improved. In this paper, the pre-laying assessment model is established to minimize risk of leakage due to piping layout. Firstly, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) modeling is carried out for urban natural gas pipeline network. According to expert evaluation, 84 failure factors, which can be determined in the planning stage, are selected as the input variables of the training network. Then the FTA model is used to calculate the theoretical failure probability value, and the failure probability prediction model is determined through repeated trial calculation based on BP (Back Propagation Neural Network) and RBF (Radial Basis Function), for obtaining the optimal network parameter combination. Finally, two prediction models are used to calculate the same example. By comparing our pre-assessment model with the theoretical prediction consequences of the fault tree, the results show that the error of RBF prediction model can be close to 3%, which proves the validity and correctness of the method.     

A disaster scene simulation system in 3D for oil transmission stations: Design and implementation

The disaster scene in three-dimensional (3D) plays a crucial role in disaster emergency management and risk communication of oil transmission stations. However, existing research for the disaster scene mainly focuses on reproducing the disaster environment and rarely predicts the damage state of the disaster-affected object. This paper proposes an object-oriented modeling method that utilizes a multilevel decomposition pattern for disaster scenes. This method combines earthquake vulnerability assessment with 3D visualization technology to predict and characterize the damage state of critical infrastructure in oil transmission stations. To enhance earthquake risk perception, a simulation system is designed and developed, which allows for the construction of virtual scenes and quick simulation of disaster scenes in 3D. The case application shows that the system improves the 3D modeling efficiency of disaster scenes and enhances public awareness of earthquake risks. The simulation system can provide technical support for seismic mitigation planning and emergency management decision-making at oil transmission stations and has good application prospects.     

基于全链条治理的国土空间规划传导体系及路径

国土空间规划传导应是覆盖规划编制、实施管理、监督反馈各个环节的全过程传导。基于国土空间治理体系和治理能力现代化的三个“需求面”,剖析传统空间规划传导的“不适应性”,并从全尺度、全过程、多向度的全链条治理逻辑出发,构建与新时期国土空间治理需求与规划体系相匹配的“三链协同”传导体系及“空间链”“时间链”“反馈链”传导路径。即覆盖“编制—实施—监督”多环节、全过程的国土空间治理闭环体系;纵向到底、事权清晰的全尺度空间传导链条,横向到边、面向实施的全过程时间传导链条以及多元共治、动态维护的多向度反馈传导链条;以期为国土空间规划传导实施提供理论与实践借鉴。     

社会资本对农村贫困代际传递影响机制研究

社会资本在反贫困领域的重要作用已被理论和实践所证实。在新时代脱贫攻坚的决胜阶段,有效发挥社会资本的周急济贫功能,缓解乃至阻断贫困代际传递,已成为当前反贫困战略推进中亟待探讨的问题。研究整合了四期中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS 2010、2012、2014、2016)个体家庭和村庄的嵌套数据,建立了“认知型”和“结构型”两种类型以及“个体家庭”和“村庄”两个层级的社会资本框架,并基于探索性因子分析构建了社会网络、社会信任、社会声望、社会参与、集体参与以及公共服务6个社会资本变量。研究利用HLM软件构建了多层广义线性模型(HGLM),通过四阶段的空模型、截距模型、随机效应模型以及完整模型分析了绝对贫困背景下社会资本对农村贫困代际传递的影响机制。研究结果表明:①个体社会资本总量与贫困代际传递呈显著负相关。②在个体家庭层面,社会网络、社会声望、社会参与对贫困代际传递有显著负向影响,但社会信任和地方信任对贫困代际传递的影响并不显著。③在村庄层面,公共服务对贫困代际传递具有显著负向影响,集体参与对贫困代际传递具有显著正向影响,且公共服务水平对社会网络和贫困代际传递具有正向调节作用。研究提出要大力培植贫困群体和乡村两个层级的社会资本以缓解农村贫困代际传递趋势:①要通过协调“乡政”与“村治”以形成良性的乡村治理格局。②要促进精准扶贫与乡村振兴战略紧密衔接,在保障个体脱贫的同时完善农村公共服务及基础设施建设,推进城乡基本公共服务均等化;③须提振贫困群体脱贫信心,增强村级自治与集体参与的水平和能力。     

基于任务成功率的装备综合保障工作体系及协同设计环境研究

本文介绍了基于任务成功率的装备综合保障工作体系框架,提出了可靠性、维修性、测试性、保障性、安全性协同设计环境要求,从而为进行可靠性、维修性、测试性、保障性、安全性综合优化设计奠定基础。     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis)

The prenatal diagnosis of congenital transmission of Chagas' disease in a pregnant woman with the indeterminate form of the disease is reported. Sonography revealed fetal hydrops at 31 weeks' gestation. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi IgM and IgG antibodies were negative in the fetal blood sampled by cordocentesis, but T. cruzi trypomastigotes were found in its buffy coat. Owing to anemia, in utero exchange transfusion was undertaken, but fetal demise ensued. Labor was induced and a stillborn infant weighing 2030 g was delivered. The pathological examination revealed placentitis and meningoencephalitis, myocarditis and splenitis in the stillborn fetus. Amastigotes were found in the myocardium, brain and placenta. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

介绍两种震害损失估算方法

本文介绍了两种震害损失估算方法:全概率法和单位面积法。并据此法对宁夏、青海等地震害作了估算。     

北京秋冬季一次重污染过程PM2.5来源数值模拟研究

利用WRF模式(The Weather Research and Forecasting Model)和嵌套网格空气质量模式(NAQPMS)对2016年11月发生在京津冀地区一次PM_(2.5)污染事件进行模拟研究并分析污染过程中的天气形势变化.结果表明,均压场、低空逆温层和偏南暖湿气流输送的存在为北京地区PM_(2.5)形成提供了有利条件,NAQPMS模式能够合理的再现北京大气污染物时空变化,细颗粒物PM_(2.5)和可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)模拟与观测数据相关系数达0.71,模拟数据在观测数据两倍范围内占比(FAC2)达65%.源解析结果表明,在不考虑临时实施减控措施下,11月18日区域外输送对北京PM_(2.5)浓度贡献为55.25%,区域内输送贡献为44.75%,北京东北区域PM_(2.5)外地源主要为河北中部、河北南部、天津和山东,所占贡献为9.67%、9.01%、7.90%和7.99%.污染物主要来源为生活源、交通源和工业源,分别占比39.6%、34.6%和20.0%.而实际上北京在唐山、保定采取一系列控制措施后仍在研究时段内出现高PM_(2.5)浓度,意味着在同样天气形势下需要对河北中部、河北南部、天津和山东等浓度贡献占比大的城市加强减排管控才能有效减缓高PM_(2.5)浓度的出现.