Variability of Water Column Transparency,Volume Flow and Suspended Solids Near San Diego Sewage Outfall (California): 15 Years of Data

The spatial and temporal variability of transparency measured for 15 years at 7 stations near the San Diego sewage outfall has been investigated and compared to the temporal variability of sewage suspended solid discharge and flow rate. the purpose of the time-series analyses was to distinguish natural from human (sewage discharge) causes of temporal changes in transparency. the results show that: 1) variations in transparency are highly correlated over the entire area, but there is a gradient in means and variability in the direction perpendicular to the coast; 2) there are no long term trends for increase or decrease in the water clarity at any of the stations; 3) most of the variance of transparency is contained in the seasonal frequency band; 4) over the same time period sewage discharge has significantly increased and suspended solids decreased; 5) most of the variance of these human-caused properties is in the interannual frequency band; (6) there is no correlation at any time-lag between water clarity and suspended solid discharge or flow. These results lead to the conclusion that these anthropogenic properties are not affecting transparency, while natural factors such as seasonality and distance from coast do.     

蠡湖水体透明度的时空变化及其影响因素

为揭示浅水湖泊水体SD(透明度)下降的主导因子,根据2012—2013年现场调查资料和历史监测资料,分析了浅水湖泊蠡湖SD的时空分布特征、变化规律及主要影响因素,并重点探讨了SD与ρ(TSS)(TSS为总悬浮物)、ρ(Chla)和ρ(DOC)的相互关系. 结果表明:SD在年内变化范围为20.0～209.0 cm,平均值为64.1 cm,总体上呈西蠡湖大于东蠡湖、湖心大于沿岸区的分布趋势;春、夏、秋、冬四季的SD分别为(51.1±15.1)、(41.3±10.6)、(28.3±7.4)和(127.1±43.2)cm,表现为冬季>春季>夏季>秋季,冬季SD平均值可达127.1 cm,而秋季仅有28.3 cm. 多元回归分析表明,ρ(TSS)是影响水体SD的最主要因子,其次为浮游藻类生物量;SD与ρ(TSS)呈幂函数关系,拟合方程为y=220.61x-0.545 0.      

SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN SELECTED PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROCESSES IN CROSS LAKE,NEW YORK1

ABSTRACT: Short-circuiting of the inflow occurs from the Seneca River across the southern portion of Cross Lake, New York. Spatial differences in thermal stratification, transparency and light attenuation, and net sedimentation are documented for the lake. The depth of the epilimnion was generally deeper, and the temperature gradient in the metalimnion was at times lower, at a deep-water location proximate to the short-circuiting zone, than at a position more remote from the inflow. Transparency was generally lower, and light attenuation greater, proximate to the short-circuiting zone, indicating the contribution of attenuating components from the river. The net sedimentation rate in the short-circuiting zone was greater and temporally more irregular than for a deep-water position remote from the river inflow. The spatial differences in the physical characteristics and processes in Cross Lake are attributable to the magnitude and position of the inflow from the Seneca River.     

Spatial and temporal variations of two cyanobacteria in the mesotrophic Miyun reservoir, China

Spatial variations in phytoplankton community within a large mesotrophic reservoir （Miyun reservoir, North China） were investigated in relation to variations in physico-chemical properties, nutrient concentrations, temperature and light conditions over a 5 month period in 2009. The dynamics of phytoplankton community was represented by the dominance of cyanobacteria through summer and fall, following with a short term dominance of chlorophyta in late fall, and a relatively high abundance of diatom in October; on the other hand, maximum phytoplankton biomass was recorded in the north shallow region of Miyun reservoir with a higher nutrients level. Particular attention was paid to the impacts of environmental conditions on the growth of two cyanobacteria genera, the toxin-producing Microcystis and the taste ＆ odor-producing Oscillatoria. Microcystis biomass was in general greatly affected by water temperature and mixing depth/local water depth ratio in this reservoir, while the Oscillatoria biomass in the surface and middle layers was greatly affected by total dissolved phosphorus, and that in the bottom layer was related with the Secchi depth/local water depth ratio. Abundant Oscillatoria biomass was observed only in late September when Microcystis biomass decreased and allowed sufficient light go through.