基于循环冲击加速试验的某O型橡胶密封圈寿命评估方法

目的 快速准确评估温度循环条件下某O型橡胶密封圈的贮存寿命。方法 模拟O型橡胶密封圈真实受压状况,设计专用夹具,在4个应力条件下开展温度循环冲击加速寿命试验,获得密封圈退化数据,分析并获得密封圈伪失效寿命,构建修正Coffin-Manson模型,并利用不同试验条件下得到的伪失效寿命数据对模型进行参数估计,获得Coffin-Manson寿命预估模型,外推常温条件下密封圈的贮存寿命。结果 通过试验表明,指数模型相比对数模型与线性模型能更准确描述密封圈的退化情况,经Coffin-Manson模型评估,该O型橡胶密封圈常温条件下的贮存寿命为6.13 a,与工程经验数据吻合。结论 所提出的基于循环冲击加速试验的O型橡胶密封圈寿命评估方法可以准确评估密封圈的贮存寿命,大大缩短试验周期,节省寿命评估试验时间和成本,为密封器件的寿命评估提供了参考。     

Development of machine learning multi-city model for municipal solid waste generation prediction

● A database of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in China was established. ● An accurate MSW generation prediction model (WGMod) was constructed. ● Key factors affecting MSW generation were identified. ● MSW trends generation in Beijing and Shenzhen in the near future are projected. Integrated management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major environmental challenge encountered by many countries. To support waste treatment/management and national macroeconomic policy development, it is essential to develop a prediction model. With this motivation, a database of MSW generation and feature variables covering 130 cities across China is constructed. Based on the database, advanced machine learning (gradient boost regression tree) algorithm is adopted to build the waste generation prediction model, i.e., WGMod. In the model development process, the main influencing factors on MSW generation are identified by weight analysis. The selected key influencing factors are annual precipitation, population density and annual mean temperature with the weights of 13%, 11% and 10%, respectively. The WGMod shows good performance with R² = 0.939. Model prediction on MSW generation in Beijing and Shenzhen indicates that waste generation in Beijing would increase gradually in the next 3–5 years, while that in Shenzhen would grow rapidly in the next 3 years. The difference between the two is predominately driven by the different trends of population growth.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a small supernumerary,XIST-negative,mosaic ring X chromosome identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization in an abnormal male fetus

Marker or ring X [r(X)] chromosomes of varying size are often found in patients with Turner syndrome. Patients with very small r(X) chromosomes that did not include the X-inactivation locus (XIST) have been described with a more severe phenotype. Small r(X) chromosomes are rare in males and there are only five previous reports of such cases. We report the identification of a small supernumerary X chromosome in an abnormal male fetus. Cytogenetic analysis from chorionic villus sampling was performed because of fetal nuchal translucency thickness and it showed mosaicism 46,XY/47,XY,+r(X)/48,XY,+r(X),+r(X). Fluorescence in situ hybridizations (FISH) showed the marker to be of X-chromosome origin and not to contain the XIST locus. Additional specific probes showed that the r(X) included a euchromatic region in proximal Xq. At 20 weeks gestation, a second ultrasound examination revealed cerebral abnormalities. After genetic counselling, the pregnancy was terminated. The fetus we describe is the first male with a mosaic XIST-negative r(X) chromosome identified at prenatal diagnosis. The phenotype we observed was probably the result of functional disomy of the genes in the r(X) chromosome, secondary to loss of the XIST locus. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Technical Procedures for CDM Project Design

The success of CDM depends on active participation of public and private entities. In particular, participation of wide range of private companies is an important factor for the success. In order to promote the participation of private companies in the CDM project activities as project participants, the authors clarify the steps and technical issues involved in the CDM project design procedures in a step-by-step approach. The steps consist of outlining the project plans, identifying project impacts, defining a project boundary, estimating GHG emissions reduction/enhancement of removals, documenting the results of estimation, and designing of monitoring plans. The authors also propose guidance for project participants, especially for those not familiar with the CDM, which provides plain explanation of major technical issues. In order to further develop a complete guideline, it is necessary to integrate the outputs of the ongoing international initiatives concerning technical issues of CDM into the stepwise approach proposed in this paper. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

核电站重要敏感性设备分析

核电站重要敏感性设备管理是国内首次采用归纳法和演绎法对核电站重要敏感系统和设备进行识别和设备分级的一种新方法。目标是为了找到导致反应堆紧急停堆、强迫停机和非计划跳机跳堆风险的主要部件 ,并采用 80 - 2 0的原理进行有效的管理 ,建立有效的风险管理 (预防、探测、改正行动 PDC ,Prevention/Detec tion/Correction)大纲和PDC管理数据库 ,并对大部分的重要敏感设备的子部件进行的FMEA(FailureModeandEffectAnalysis)分析 ,识别其失效机理 ,从而确定重要敏感设备清单和预防跳机跳堆的改正行动 ,减少未来由于设备失效导致的跳堆次数 ,达到提高核电站的设备可靠性、安全性和经济性的目的。     

CAST污水处理工艺故障诊断方法的研究与应用

本文分析了CAST污水处理工艺故障诊断的特点和需求。在此基础上,提出了建立CAST工艺故障诊断系统的思路和方法,利用自动化监控系统实现在线故障监测和报警,利用故障树分析法构建故障诊断模型,结合运行参数趋势图,实现故障快速诊断。文章通过实例分析,介绍了该方法在污水处理厂的实际应用。     

北京市常见落叶树种叶片滞纳空气颗粒物功能

为了探求北京市常见落叶乔木树种滞纳空气颗粒物的功能,选取了6种典型落叶乔木树种(杨树、刺槐、栾树、垂柳、元宝枫、银杏),利用空气气溶胶再发生器(QRJZFSQ-I)测定了不同树种单位面积叶片对空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、粗颗粒物和细颗粒物的滞纳量.结果表明:16个树种的叶片对不同粒径空气颗粒物均能起到一定的滞纳作用,且不同树种滞纳量表现出较大差异,栾树和刺槐单位面积叶片对不同粒径颗粒物的滞纳量最高,杨树的滞纳量最小;2不同树种单位面积叶片对不同粒径颗粒物的滞纳量并不完全随着取样时间的延长而增加,在雨后8 d和雨后5 d,不同树种单位面积叶片对TSP和粗颗粒物的滞纳量差异较大,但不同树种单位面积叶片对细颗粒物的滞纳量在不同取样时间下没有明显差异.在北京以空气污染的生态治理为目标选择落叶树种时,与银杏、垂柳、元宝枫、杨树相比,应优先选择栾树,其次为刺槐.     

基于事故树分析的脚手架作业安全评价

为实现脚手架作业安全的系统性分析与评价,系统分析脚手架作业事故诱发机制,层层深入细化各影响因素,直至难以再细分的基本事件,确定相互之间的逻辑关系,建立脚手架事故树。在分析最小割集的基础上,采用专家调查法,给出各基本事件发生概率的经验估计,进而确定顶事件概率。在此基础上,通过敏感性分析,揭示基本事件对于顶事件的贡献程度。研究结果表明,脚手架作业事故发生的主要原因包括脚手架上有人、设计不合理、架设错误、材料不合格等,为保障作业安全,尤其需要加强作业人员在脚手架作业中的警惕性,注重脚手架设计理论计算,同时规范脚手架架设程序,选择合乎规格的脚手架材料。     

共存碳源对施氏假单胞菌N2裂解苯酚的作用

研究了共存碳源对施氏假单胞菌N2在降解苯酚过程中积累2-羟基黏糠酸半醛(2-HMS)的影响,并用紫外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对N2菌的生长过程进行了检测.结果表明,与单一碳源苯酚相比,N2菌在共存碳源甲醇、乙醇、丙酮存在的体系中生长快,且11h内,苯酚同步降解率分别提高了4.5％、18.5％、16.6％,同时培养液中2-HMS积累量均达到最大.N2菌代谢苯酚可通过羧化反应产生对羟基苯甲酸,也可通过羟化反应产生邻苯二酚,后者通过间位开环裂解生成2-HMS,而甲醇、乙醇、丙酮与苯酚共存时,更易采用后一种代谢途径.