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621.
为了使高校实验室安全管理科学化、精准化,应用事故树-风险矩阵法进行风险评估。首先采用事故树法对实验室火灾事故进行分析,得出导致事故发生的基本事件,然后依照事故致因理论,得出事故隐患三级原因,采用层次分析法对事故发生的频率和后果严重度及安全措施补偿系数的等级赋值,得到四级风险矩阵模型,对基本事件调查并由专家评估得出其风险值。评估结果表明导致实验室火灾事故的主要原因为:燃烧反应失控、加热、人员消防素质、操作不当、实验室管理水平、火灾报警系统缺陷、电气火花、灭火材料不足、消防系统缺陷、木制品、反应放热、存放不当。根据基本事件风险值高低针对性采取相应预防措施可以一定程度上提升实验室安全管理水平。 相似文献
622.
为了定量分析四溴双酚A合成生产工艺的可靠性,本文采用事件树方法构建了四溴双酚A合成生产工艺事件树,并通过专家打分和min-max标准化数据处理方法确定了生产工艺各环节事件的影响度,同时采用HEART方法对工艺环节事件的失效概率进行了计算,并利用布尔代数运算法则对四溴双酚A制备事故发生概率进行了计算,在与企业应急处理方案阈值进行比较后,确定了企业应启动应急预案的条件。相关研究成果可为化工企业开展应急管理工作提供理论支撑。 相似文献
623.
为了探究影响危化品物流整体运作的关键事故因素,提出一种改进广义关联故障树的危化品LSSC可靠性诊断方法。结合实例构建危化品LSSC系统失效故障树,运用灰色关联技术对以最小割集构造的标准故障模式向量和底事件概率重要度组成的待检模式向量进行相关性分析,得到系统失效概率等级与失效故障模式可能性排序,确定系统关键薄弱环节。研究结果表明:该方法能够快速识别危化品物流运作系统关键事故因素,为危化品LSSC风险等级控制和分级防范措施制定提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
624.
625.
本文运用安全系统工程方法,对彩钢板活动房火灾事故进行了事故树分析,找出了引起火灾事故发生的各个因素,并提出了预防该类事故发生的相应措施。 相似文献
626.
以地质灾害能量形成致灾根源为研究导向,论表观灾害形成机理的基础上,从灾害能量质环理论到地质灾害致灾根源作进一步升华探索.运用能量质环理论有针对性地加强对于地震、洪水、泥石流等各种地质灾害能量在介质中传播规律的研究;构建灾害能量传输、聚集成无数能量质点、质点相吸形成环链、环链相交形成能量断面,各个能量断面叠加形成能量破坏体,能量破坏体不断地传输与演化直至最终诱发下一次灾害等全过程循环系统;分析灾害能量在介质中传输及演变规律;提出灾害隔断原理,对防灾减灾工程提出实质性的建议.该项目研究打破了传统的非根源防灾理念,从致灾根源探索灾害的形成及灾害隔断预警. 相似文献
627.
Recovery plans for species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act are required to specify measurable criteria that can be used to determine when the species can be delisted. For the 642 listed endangered and threatened plant species that have recovery plans, we applied recursive partitioning methods to test whether the number of individuals or populations required for delisting can be predicted on the basis of distributional and biological traits, previous abundance at multiple time steps, or a combination of traits and previous abundances. We also tested listing status (threatened or endangered) and the year the recovery plan was written as predictors of recovery criteria. We analyzed separately recovery criteria that were stated as number of populations and as number of individuals (population‐based and individual‐based criteria, respectively). Previous abundances alone were relatively good predictors of population‐based recovery criteria. Fewer populations, but a greater proportion of historically known populations, were required to delist species that had few populations at listing compared with species that had more populations at listing. Previous abundances were also good predictors of individual‐based delisting criteria when models included both abundances and traits. The physiographic division in which the species occur was also a good predictor of individual‐based criteria. Our results suggest managers are relying on previous abundances and patterns of decline as guidelines for setting recovery criteria. This may be justifiable in that previous abundances inform managers of the effects of both intrinsic traits and extrinsic threats that interact and determine extinction risk. Predicción de Criterios de Recuperación para Especies de Plantas en Peligro y Amenazadas con Base en Abundancias Pasadas y Atributos Biológicos 相似文献
628.
629.
Mechri B Attia F Braham M Elhadj SB Hammami M 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(4):1088-1093
Olive mill wastewater (OMW), a by-product of the olive-mill industry, is produced in large amounts in Mediterranean countries. The presence of indigenous phosphate deposits in some countries like Tunisia provides an incentive for direct application or local chemical treatment at low cost to improve the solubility of low reactive phosphate rocks (PRs). The use of naturally occurring low-molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) that are present in OMW represents a new perspective in PR research and a possible solution for the recycling of the OMW. The present work was aimed at evaluating, under natural situations (field of olive trees), the effects of agronomic application of OMW (amounts applied: 30, 60 m(3) ha(-1)) with PR (amounts applied: 150 kg ha(-1)) on olive trees soil properties. We measured organic C, nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), exchangeable calcium (Ca), and exchangeable potassium (K), as well as other properties (pH and electrical conductivity). Our data provide evidence that agronomic application of OMW with PR has important effects on soil properties. Increases in organic C, total N, extractable P and exchangeable potassium (K) were found after the first agronomic application of OMW and PR. These increases were only temporary, following the second agronomic application of OMW and PR, significant reductions were detected in the extractable soil P (19.67 mg kg(-1) in the control soil vs. 8.99 mg kg(-1) in the amended soil). Changes in the extractable soil P could alter plant productivity and plant community structure because shifts in nutriment availability can affect the balance between limiting and non-limiting nutrients. 相似文献
630.
We sampled 41 sites on 34 nonwadeable rivers that represent the types of rivers in Wisconsin, and the kinds and intensities
of nutrient and other anthropogenic stressors upon each river type. Sites covered much of United States Environmental Protection
Agency national nutrient ecoregions VII—Mostly Glaciated Dairy Region, and VIII—Nutrient Poor, Largely Glaciated upper Midwest.
Fish, macroinvertebrates, and three categories of environmental variables including nutrients, other water chemistry, and
watershed features were collected using standard protocols. We summarized fish assemblages by index of biotic integrity (IBI)
and its 10 component measures, and macroinvertebrates by 2 organic pollution tolerance and 12 proportional richness measures.
All biotic and environmental variables represented a wide range of conditions, with biotic measures ranging from poor to excellent
status, despite nutrient concentrations being consistently higher than reference concentrations reported for the regions.
Regression tree analyses of nutrients on a suite of biotic measures identified breakpoints in total phosphorus (~0.06 mg/l)
and total nitrogen (~0.64 mg/l) concentrations at which biotic assemblages were consistently impaired. Redundancy analyses
(RDA) were used to identify the most important variables within each of the three environmental variable categories, which
were then used to determine the relative influence of each variable category on the biota. Nutrient measures, suspended chlorophyll
a, water clarity, and watershed land cover type (forest or row-crop agriculture) were the most important variables and they
explained significant amounts of variation within the macroinvertebrate (R
2
= 60.6%) and fish (R
2
= 43.6%) assemblages. The environmental variables selected in the macroinvertebrate model were correlated to such an extent
that partial RDA analyses could not attribute variation explained to individual environmental categories, assigning 89% of
the explained variation to interactions among the categories. In contrast, partial RDA attributed much of the explained variation
to the nutrient (25%) and other water chemistry (38%) categories for the fish model. Our analyses suggest that it would be
beneficial to develop criteria based upon a suite of biotic and nutrient variables simultaneously to deem waters as not meeting
their designated uses. 相似文献