易燃液化气体罐区火灾爆炸事故故障树分析

采用故障树分析法对易燃液化气体罐区的火灾爆炸事故进行了分析,提出了针对性预防对策。     

Heavy metal accumulation by panicled goldenrain tree （Koelreuteria paniculata） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） in abandoned mine soils in southern China

Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%–86%, where reduction rates over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni). Transfer coe cients of the panicled goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm) and the common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment coe cients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil.     

活动板房火灾事故的事故树分析

本文运用安全系统工程方法,对彩钢板活动房火灾事故进行了事故树分析,找出了引起火灾事故发生的各个因素,并提出了预防该类事故发生的相应措施。     

面向国土空间安全的工业园区风险监测评估系统设计思路

随着城市化的推进,城市的脆弱性不断加剧。近年来频发的生产安全事故,凸显了传统风险治理范式的局限性。源头防控、多元参与、数据驱动是当下生产安全风险治理的重要议题,而多元主体风险和系统性风险是治理的焦点。以整体性思维为指引,建构“三生”空间相互作用下的“双环模型”,为安全多维及时空多维视角下生产安全风险的治理提供理论基础和总体思路。挖掘信息技术对国土空间动态监测、风险认知积累和风险防控能力成长的积极作用,提出“扁平化”的风险监测评估框架体系并探讨信息平台的需求与架构。以风险交织的化工行业为例,重点关注工业园区主导下的生产安全风险多元防控范式和基础框架,为不同行业的多类型风险防控提供思路借鉴。     

8种植物叶片对城市大气苯并（a）芘（BaP）的吸收比较

城市化及汽车的发展导致城市大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）含量较高,强致癌作用污染物苯并（a）芘（BaP）含量也相应增高。植物是大气环境天然的过滤器,能滞留、吸附和累积空气中多种污染物。选择广州市8种常见行道树,4种乔木：红花羊蹄甲（Bauhiniablakeana）、腊肠树（Cassiafistula）、高山榕（Ficus...     

Generic event trees and probabilities for the release of different types of hazardous materials

To simplify quantitative risk analysis, the initiating events leading to loss of containment are normally described using generic hypotheses. For example, the following hypothesis is applied to the loss of containment from a storage tank: instantaneous release of the complete inventory, continuous release of the complete inventory in 10 min, and continuous release from a hole with a diameter of 10 mm. Once the initiating events have been specified, the corresponding event trees must be drawn to establish the sequences from each initiating event to the diverse final outcomes or accident scenarios, which will depend on the properties of the released material or on other specific factors. In this paper we propose, in a systematic way, a set of short generic event trees for the main loss of containment scenarios involving different types of hazardous materials. Even though most of them have been taken from the literature (BEVI Reference Manual), we have modified some of them, added the corresponding intermediate probabilities (immediate ignition, delayed ignition, flame front acceleration, etc.) obtained from a literature review and expert judgment, and associated the use of each event tree to the hazardous properties of the material (flammability, volatility and toxicity) and to its category according to EC labeling directives.     

Fuzzy fault tree analysis for fire and explosion of crude oil tanks

Crude oil tank fire and explosion (COTFE) is the most frequent type of accident in petroleum refineries, oil terminals or storage which often results in human fatality, environment pollution and economic loss. In this paper, with fault tree qualitative analysis technique, various potential causes of the COTFE are identified and a COTFE fault tree is constructed. Conventional fault tree quantitative analysis calculates the occurrence probability of the COTFE using exact probability data of the basic events. However, it is often very difficult to obtain corresponding precise data and information in advance due to insufficient data, changing environment or new components. Fuzzy set theory has been proven to be effective on such uncertain problems. Hence, this article investigates a hybrid approach of fuzzy set theory and fault tree analysis to quantify the COTFE fault tree in fuzzy environment and evaluate the COTFE occurrence probability. Further, importance analysis for the COTFE fault tree, including the Fussell–Vesely importance measure of basic events and the cut sets importance measure, is performed to help identifying the weak links of the crude oil tank system that will provide the most cost-effective mitigation. Also, a case study and analysis is provided to testify the proposed method.     

我国燃煤锅炉汞减排工艺措施探讨

面对当前汞污染日益严峻的趋势,分析了燃煤锅炉烟气其它污染物（如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物）控制设施及其运行情况,结合所燃用的煤质情况,介绍了燃煤锅炉烟气汞减排各种经济实用的方法,以及选择汞排放控制措施的“抉择树”。根据燃煤锅炉烟气实际情况,确定可采用的汞减排控制技术,必要时采取活性炭喷射脱汞技术（ACI）,最大限度地提高协同除汞效果。同时提出了应注重燃煤残留物中汞的二次污染问题。     

NEWS

Abstract

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western countries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main functions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has increased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.