昆仑山口西地震激发的地球环型振荡

利用中国数字地震台网(CDSN)改造后的7个台站3天的VHE、VHN波形资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,提取了2001-11-14昆仑山口西地震激发的0T2～0T40地球环型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型(PREM)的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现环型振荡振型周期与PREM预测的环型自由振荡周期符合得很好。频率与PREM模型略微不一致的环型振荡振型可以解释为地球介质的横向不均匀性和各向异性所致。因此地球自由振荡信息可用于揭示地球的三维不均匀结构信息或各向异性信息,并可能对区分地幔对流模式(全地幔对流或上地幔对流)有所帮助。     

粉尘云浓度对HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的影响

为准确评价高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）粉尘爆炸敏感性和开展有效的粉尘防爆工作,采用Godbert-Greenwald恒温炉标准实验装置研究了典型HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的分布特性,着重探讨了粉尘云浓度对不同喷尘压力条件下HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的影响规律。研究表明:测试条件下HDPE粉尘云最低着火温度的变化处于360~445 ℃范围,随粉尘云浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的总体趋势,粉尘云浓度为1.111 kg/m3时出现拐点,且粉尘云最低着火温度随喷尘压力的增加而降低。     

多重密度布点对土壤有机质空间特性的解析

论文以张家港市耕层土壤有机质（Soil organic matter, SOM）为目标变量,通过网格布点建立11种样点密度梯度,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法研究其空间特性随布点密度变化的趋势规律。结果表明,各密度下SOM的变异系数稳定在21.70%~23.12%之间,表现出中等程度变异;随着布点密度降低,SOM的块基比和分维数分别由37.52%、1.838波动降至18.70%、1.714,Moran’s I则由0.485起伏升高至0.857,相应地其空间变异中结构变异组分增多、随机变异贡献减少,空间自相关性也逐渐增强;SOM呈现西南-东北递减分布,随着样点密度减小,其空间格局趋于简化。论文以布点密度为视窗,揭示了SOM的多重空间尺度特征,可为解析土壤属性的层级结构提供参考依据。     

Effect of current density on groundwater arsenite removal performance using air cathode electrocoagulation

• With the same charge, current density had little effect on As(III) removal in ACEC. • ACEC had the lowest energy consumption compared with EC/O₂ or EC/N₂. • There was a trade-off relationship between energy consumption and removal time. • The ·OH concentration in ACEC was 1.5 times of that in the EC/O₂ system. Naturally occurring arsenic enrichment in groundwater poses a huge threat to human health. Air cathode electrocoagulation (ACEC) has recently been proposed to enhance As(III) oxidation and lower energy consumption. In this study, ACEC, EC/O₂ and EC/N₂ were evaluated with different current densities from 1 to 8 mA/cm² to investigate the effect on As(III) removal in different redox environments. Current density had no appreciable effect on arsenic removal efficiency given the same charge in ACEC because the concentration ratio of Fe/H₂O₂ under different current densities remained stable. However, in EC/O₂ and EC/N₂, As(III) removal was inhibited at higher current densities (4–8 mA/cm²), likely because more Fe(II) competed with As(III) for the oxidant, leading to less effective oxidation of As(III). In all EC systems, the ·OH units generated per power consumption reached the highest value at the lowest current density. Compared with other EC systems, the ACEC system showed lower energy consumption at all current densities due to the low energy consumption of the electrode reaction and more free radical generation. A lower current density saved more energy at the expense of time, showing the trade-off relationship between energy consumption and removal time. The operation costs for As(III) removal under optimal conditions were calculated as 0.028 $/m³ for ACEC, 0.030 $/m³ for EC/O₂, and 0.085 $/m³ for EC/N₂     

桂北地区桉树林及其他三种森林类型土壤有机碳含量及密度特征

以桂北地区桉树（Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla）林、杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）林、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林和毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis）林的土层0~60 cm土壤为研究对象,对比分析了4种森林类型的土壤有机碳质量分数及密度分布特征。结果表明：（1）在4种森林类型土层中,有机碳质量分数的最大值[（49.49±1.16）g·kg-1]和最小值[（4.50±0.52）g·kg-1]分别出现在毛竹林土层0~15 cm和马尾松林土层45~60 cm。土层0~60 cm有机碳质量分数平均值按大小顺序排列为：毛竹林（28.16g·kg-1）〉杉木林（25.10 g·kg-1）〉桉树林（14.52 g·kg-1）〉马尾松林（9.56 g·kg-1）。桉树林、杉木林、马尾松林和毛竹林土层0~15 cm有机碳质量分数所占的比例分别为28.29%、39.14%、55.44%和43.94%。（2）4种森林类型土层中有机碳密度的最大值[（6.71±1.72）kg·m-2]和最小值[（1.14±0.11）kg·m-2]分别出现在杉木林土层0~15 cm和马尾松林土层40~60 cm。土层0~60 cm的有机碳密度平均值按大小顺序排列为：杉木林（19.60 kg·m-2）〉毛竹林（18.85 kg·m-2）〉桉树林（12.91 kg·m-2）〉马尾松林（8.47kg·m-2）。桉树林、杉木林、马尾松林和毛竹林土层0~15 cm有机碳密度所占的比例分别为25.12%、34.25%、52.07%和32.64%。4种森林类型土壤有机碳质量分数和有机碳密度均随着土层深度的增加呈降低的趋势。     

“平面型”十三聚合铝形态水交换反应的密度泛函研究

采用密度泛函DFT量子化学计算,初步探讨了"平面型"十三聚合铝(F-Al13)的水交换反应.在B3LYP/6-31G水平下模拟了气相体系中全水合F-Al1153+与脱质子形态(F-Al913+和F-Al313+)中η-OH2(1)键合水位点的水交换反应;比较了F-Al13和K-Al13两种不同十三聚合铝形态的水交换反应特点;讨论了不同铝形态(二聚铝Al2、三聚铝Al3、Al6六元环以及Al7Anderson内核等)水交换反应研究对于阐明F-Al13形成机制的重要意义.     

Hunting, law enforcement, and African primate conservation

Abstract: Primates are regularly hunted for bushmeat in tropical forests, and systematic ecological monitoring can help determine the effect hunting has on these and other hunted species. Monitoring can also be used to inform law enforcement and managers of where hunting is concentrated. We evaluated the effects of law enforcement informed by monitoring data on density and spatial distribution of 8 monkey species in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. We conducted intensive surveys of monkeys and looked for signs of human activity throughout the park. We also gathered information on the activities of law‐enforcement personnel related to hunting and evaluated the relative effects of hunting, forest cover and proximity to rivers, and conservation effort on primate distribution and density. The effects of hunting on monkeys varied among species. Red colobus monkeys (Procolobus badius) were most affected and Campbell's monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli) were least affected by hunting. Density of monkeys irrespective of species was up to 100 times higher near a research station and tourism site in the southwestern section of the park, where there is little hunting, than in the southeastern part of the park. The results of our monitoring guided law‐enforcement patrols toward zones with the most hunting activity. Such systematic coordination of ecological monitoring and law enforcement may be applicable at other sites.     

UV-B辐射下悬沙对小球藻生长和DNA损伤的影响

研究了UV-B辐射(17μW cm-2,5 min/d)下不同浓度(0、100和1 000 mg L-1)和粒径组成(全粒径组和粒径<38μm组)的悬沙对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)生长和DNA损伤的影响.结果显示,小球藻的生长可用Logistic增长模型拟合,拟合后的生长参数表明悬沙的"遮荫效应"减轻了UV-B辐射对小球藻细胞的DNA损伤,从而对小球藻生长产生正影响.悬沙浓度越高,UV-B辐射对小球藻细胞DNA损伤程度越低,小球藻的环境负载能力a和瞬时增长率K越大.当悬沙浓度为100 mg L-1时,全粒径组a值和K值小于粒径<38μm组,且两组间小球藻细胞DNA损伤差异显著(P<0.05),但当悬沙浓度达1 000 mg L-1时,全粒径组a值和K值大于粒径<38μm组,两组间细胞的DNA损伤无显著差异(P>0.05).图3表2参24     

火电厂湿法脱硫系统中pH计及密度计的设计应用

针对火电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统中传统pH计及密度计的探头结垢磨损及测量管路堵塞频繁,导致pH和密度的测量出现偏差甚至数据失真这一问题,结合山西大土河焦化有限责任公司热电一分厂3×75t/h循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫工程实例,着重介绍了改进型pH计的有效防堵塞安装方法及隔膜压力变送器代替传统密度计的设计原理及应用情况,为今后工程实践提供参考。     

Population dynamics models based on cumulative density dependent feedback: A link to the logistic growth curve and a test for symmetry using aphid data

Density dependent feedback, based on cumulative population size, has been advocated to explain and mathematically characterize “boom and bust” population dynamics. Such feedback results in a bell-shaped population trajectory of the population density. Here, we note that this trajectory is mathematically described by the logistic probability density function. Consequently, the cumulative population follows a time trajectory that has the same shape as the cumulative logistic function. Thus, the Pearl–Verhulst logistic equation, widely used as a phenomenological model for density dependent population growth, can be interpreted as a model for cumulative rather than instantaneous population. We extend the cumulative density dependent differential equation model to allow skew in the bell-shaped population trajectory and present a simple statistical test for skewness. Model properties are exemplified by fitting population trajectories of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines. The linkage between the mechanistic underpinnings of the logistic probability density function and cumulative distribution function models could open up new avenues for analyzing population data.