长距离人工输水渠道水质时空演变规律研究——以南水北调中线总干渠为例

以南水北调中线工程通水6年来沿线30个常规水质监测断面逐月的水质监测数据为基础,基于斯皮尔曼秩次相关检验,系统分析总干渠水质时空变化趋势.结果表明,总干渠水质总体良好,主要指标能够达到Ⅱ类及以上水平.空间尺度上,总干渠水温(r=-0.897,p＜0.01)、总磷(r=-0.820,p＜0.01)、生化需氧量(r=-0....     

全球变暖对青藏高原腹地草地资源的影响

全球变化导致青藏高原腹地气候的暖干化趋势,也引起该区高寒草甸植被向高寒草原植被的退化。研究区内为高寒草甸一高寒草原过渡区,高寒草甸植被的退化速率为14.2km/10a,而相应地在退化区内生物总量亦呈下降趋势。气候暖干化是引起高原腹地植被退化的原因。而植被退化与区域生物总量的下降将成为影响该区环境自调能力和牧业经济发展的消极因素。     

全社会资金波动的安全预警模型及实证分析

利用聚类分析、时差相关分析、K -L信息量等方法 ,以国内生产总值发展速度的波动曲线为基准循环曲线 ,对各种经济指标进行分类和筛选 ,从而选定先行、一致、滞后三类指标组 ,运用主成分分析方法编制景气指数 ,以对社会资金的运动安全预警。在此基础上 ,笔者结合我国改革开放以来经济周期波动的实际情况 ,利用所编制的景气指数进行实证仿真分析 ,得到令人满意的结果     

依靠科技进步,坚持可持续发展,为保护我们共同生存的环境而努力

通过对大庆石油管理局2000年度在水环境、大气环境、固体废物排放等方面的现状分析,总结了大庆石油管理局2000年环境保护工作,并针对石油化工废水处理、脱硫、废钻井液处理、垃圾处理和资源化等技术提出重点注意的问题。最后介绍了管理局“十五”期间环境保护技术发展的总体思路和环保科技主攻方向。     

MODELING TRANSIENT pH DEPRESSIONS IN COASTAL STREAMS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA USING NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Transient events in water chemistry in small coastal watersheds, particularly pH depressions, are largely driven by inputs of precipitation. While the response of each watershed depends upon both the nature of the precipitation event and the season of the year, how the response changes over time can provide insight into landscape changes. Neural network models for an urban watershed and a rural‐suburban watershed were developed in an attempt to detect changes in system response resulting from changes in the landscape. Separate models for describing pH depressions for wet season and dry season conditions were developed for a seven year period at each watershed. The neural network models allowed separation of the effects of precipitation variations and changes in watershed response. The ability to detect trends in pH depression magnitudes was improved by analyzing neural network residuals rather than the raw data. Examination of sensitivity plots of the models indicated how the neural networks were affected by different inputs. There were large differences in effects between seasons in the rural‐suburban watershed whereas effects in the urban watershed were consistent between seasons. During the study period, the urban watershed showed no change in pH depression response, while the rural‐suburban watershed showed a significant increase in the magnitude of pH depressions, likely the result of increased urbanization.     

长江入海口徐六泾断面2005～2012年水环境因子及入海通量变化特征

分别于2005～2012年的4个季节对长江入海口徐六泾断面水质实施了29个航次的监测。2005、2010和2012年为丰水年,2006、2011年为枯水年,其余3 a为平水年。2005～2012年化学耗氧量（CODCr）的年度平均浓度范围为52～1469 mg/L,氨-氮（NH4 N）为0051～0358 mg/L,总磷（TP）为0069～0255 mg/L,活性磷酸盐（PO4 P）为0044～0098 mg/L,石油类（Oil）为2367～7939 μg/L,铜（Cu）为171～277 μg/L,镉（Cd）为0057～0116 μg/L,砷（As）为234～294 μg/L。引入计算Spearman秩相关系数的方法分析评价指标与时间序列间的相关性,并检验相关系数的显著性意义。评价结果显示,长江入海径流量呈现上升的趋势,但趋势不显著。年平均浓度呈上升趋势的污染因子水质要素从强到弱到小依次为TP、PO4 P、NH4 N、Oil和CODCr,TP上升趋势显著,呈下降趋势的水质要素从强到弱依次为Cu、As和Cd,Cu下降趋势显著;长江入海口的水质综合标准指数呈显著上升趋势,监测断面水质等级持续下降,污染状况持续恶化;长江污染物入海通量总体呈显著增加趋势,特别是氮的输出通量有较大增加。研究表明,长江入海口水质恶化速度加剧,应引起政府和社会的足够重视,保护长江水质刻不容缓     

东北北部地区地震活动与震后早期趋势判断

研究了 190 0年以来我国东北北部地区浅源中强震活动的特征。结果表明 ,地震活动具有突发性、成组性和序列地震数量少的特点。应根据本区地震活动特点 ,开展震后早期趋势预测 ,以最大限度地减轻地震灾害。     

A PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE FOR DEVELOPING ISOHYETS IN AN ARID AREA USING VEGETATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS1

A technique is presented for developing an isohyet map for the Hualapai Valley, a closed hydrologic basin of about 315 square miles in the northwestern Great Basin in Nevada. In this basin there is practically no climatic data, and in the northwest Great Basin there are too few stations for determination of rainfall on a detailed basis. Using a vegetational typing to represent a range in elevation and precipitation, an initial mean annual rainfall is determined for selected points on a grid pattern. This rainfall is then modified by using topographic parameters of slope, orientation, exposure, and rainfall shadow effect. The resulting point determinations of mean annual rainfall are then smoothed using a trend surface analysis, and an isohyetal map is drawn from the smoothed points. The technique provides an estimated accuracy of one inch of mean annual precipitation and one mile of resolution on isohyets.     

重庆市道路交通噪声现状、变化趋势及对策

根据十几年来重庆道路交通噪声监测资料，对重庆市道路交通噪声状况，变化趋势进行了分析研究，分析了道路交通噪声污染的原因，提出了改善声环境质量的对策建议。