响应曲面法优化絮凝处理木薯淀粉废水

采用中心复合实验设计和响应面分析法研究复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌(PAZC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝处理木薯淀粉废水,进行设计和分析,以溶液pH值和絮凝剂用量为考察因素,分别以COD、浊度去除率为考察指标,选用最佳优化数学模型描述考察指标和考察因素之间的数学关系,并以设定PAZC和PAC对COD去除率(65%),浊度去除率(90%)和SS去除率(90%)的目标值,通过等高线叠加图预测最优实验条件,得到PAZC投量为6.5 mg/L,pH为7.7时,COD去除率和浊度去除率分别达到最大为76.6%和99.9%;PAC投量为19.2 mg/L,pH为7.8时,COD去除率和浊度去除率最大值分别为64.4%和97.1%。经对最优条件进行验证,预测值与验证实验平均值接近。     

Impact of continental margins in the Mediterranean Sea: Hints from the surface colour and temperature historical record

The surface colour and temperature fields of the Mediterranean Sea, as appearing in time series, of basin-wide images available in the CZCS (1979–1985) and AVHRR (1982–1991) historical archives, differentiate between basin interior and continental margins affected by coastal patterns, river plumes, and mesoscale features. The original data were processed to apply calibration factors, to correct for atmospheric contamination, and to estimate chlorophyll-like pigment concentration and surface temperature. Composites were derived, as monthly and annual means, using a fixed equal-area projection with a 1-km² pixel grid. Enhanced pigment values and lower temperatures along the northern coastal areas (i.e. the Ligurian, Provençal and Balearic basins, as well as the Adriatic, and Aegean Seas) have been associated with the impact of runoff from continental margins (i.e. both a direct impact due to the sediment load and one induced on the planktonic flora by the associated nutrient load) and with vertical mixing due to the prevailing winds (i.e. the Mistral in the northwest, the Bora in the Adriatic, the Etesians in the Aegean). The pattern of increasing pigments and decreasing temperatures in seen to develop in the monthly images from the coastal zone towards the open sea from summer to winter, and then back from winter to summer. The southern coastal areas show different values, namely lower pigments and higher temperatures (except in areas where the data are altered by signal contamination). It is suggested that differences in geomorphology and meteorology of the basin margins have an impact on both water biogeochemistry and dynamics, influencing the biooptical and thermal properties of the various sub-basins, and of the entire Mediterranean region.     

强制电流阴极保护阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性研究*

为研究杂散电流干扰影响范围及严重程度,通过现场测试典型深井和浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度,探讨地表电位梯度分布规律,分析阳极地床杂散电流干扰特性。结果表明:深井阳极地床地表电位梯度沿阳极井中心辐射线方向先增大后减小,浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度沿垂直于阳极体方向呈递减趋势;浅埋阳极地床地表电位梯度峰值和衰减速率均大于深井阳极,但强干扰平均影响半径仅为深井阳极的1/2;从强干扰影响半径看,应优先选用浅埋阳极地床;可通过适当增加井深、对干扰区内金属构筑物排流等方式,缓解深井阳极地床杂散电流干扰影响。研究结果可为强制电流阴极保护阳极地床选型和选址提供理论指导。     

活性碳纤维改性技术研究进展

介绍了活性碳纤维(ACF)的孔结构及表面官能团,综述了国内外ACF改性技术的研究现状.ACF的改性主要包括孔结构调控和表面化学改性,表面化学改性包括氧化还原法、表面负载法、浸渍法、热处理法、远程等离子体处理法、微波辐照法等,也可将多种方法结合来对ACF进行改性,以改善和提高ACF的吸附性能.在总结现有研究的基础上,对ACF改性技术发展趋势进行了展望.     

从环境立法进程展望中国大气污染防治战略的发展方向2002年9月12日在能源与环境中美研讨会上的讲话

本文从中国环境立法，特别是再次修改《大气污染防治法》等展望中国大气污染防治的重要战略方向。     

长江入海口北支沿海滩涂养殖区底泥重金属污染特征及趋势评价

对长江入海口北支沿海滩涂养殖区底泥重金属污染的总体水平进行调查,结果表明,滩涂养殖区底泥重金属含量满足海洋沉积物质量一类标准要求,污染程度属于安全Ⅰ级水平,重金属潜在生态危害属轻微级别,6种重金属潜在生态危害由大到小排序依次为Cd﹥Hg﹥Cu﹥Cr﹥Pb﹥As,2005年～2011年,底泥重金属污染程度均处于安全的Ⅰ级水平。     

THE VULNERABILITY OF WETLANDS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A HYDROLOGIC LANDSCAPE PERSPECTIVE1

ABSTRACT: The vulnerability of wetlands to changes in climate depends on their position within hydrologic landscapes. Hydrologic landscapes are defined by the flow characteristics of ground water and surface water and by the interaction of atmospheric water, surface water, and ground water for any given locality or region. Six general hydrologic landscapes are defined; mountainous, plateau and high plain, broad basins of interior drainage, riverine, flat coastal, and hummocky glacial and dune. Assessment of these landscapes indicate that the vulnerability of all wetlands to climate change fall between two extremes: those dependent primarily on precipitation for their water supply are highly vulnerable, and those dependent primarily on discharge from regional ground water flow systems are the least vulnerable, because of the great buffering capacity of large ground water flow systems to climate change.     

一种有机硅改性丙烯酸防污涂料的研究

目的通过在丙烯酸树脂分子中引入有机硅,制备一种具有低表面能的有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂CP-CC021。方法探讨合成工艺中有机硅单体和引发剂含量以及添加纳米级Si O2粒子填料对涂层性能的影响规律。结果获得了最大接触角的最佳工艺条件,添加纳米Si O2粒子增大了涂层的表面粗糙度,在涂层表面形成了大量微-纳结构状的突起,显著提高涂层的疏水性能。结论有机硅单体(VTMS)质量分数为23.0%,引发剂(AIBN)质量分数为0.50%,纳米Si O2粒子添加量(质量分数)为7.4%,得到的涂层接触角为126.1°。     

杭州市地面水中多环芳烃污染现状及风险

用HPLC和化学分析法,监测了1999～2002年丰水期和枯水期杭州市地面水中10种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和COD、BOD5等常规指标.结果表明,10种PAHs浓度范围为0.989～96.21g/L,平均浓度30.82g/L;BaP平均浓度为1.582g/L,污染较为严重;地面水中PAHs浓度和检出率均为丰水期高于枯水期;COD、BOD₅与PAHs总浓度之间没有相关性,因而不能反映地面水PAHs污染的风险;BeP、BaP与PAHs总浓度之间具有较好的线性相关,可作为水体PAHs污染的代表物.常规的自来水处理工艺不能有效地去除源水中微量PAHs等有机污染物,因此地面水特别是饮用源水PAHs污染存在较大的健康风险.     

钱塘江(杭州段)水中有机氯农药残留污染特征及健康风险评价

利用气相色谱法对采集于2013年5月、7月和11月的钱塘江(杭州段)表层水中10种有机氯农药(OCPs)残留进行了分析,初步明确其组成特征及来源,并对其健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,钱塘江(杭州段)水体中检出5种微量的OCPs,检出频率最高的是β-HCH和δ-HCH.14个采样点均有不同浓度检出,钱塘江干流∑OCPs的浓度范围在1.31~6.68 ng·L-1,属低污染水平,3条主要支流∑OCPs的浓度范围则是1.32~4.23 ng·L-1.钱塘江(杭州段)水体中OCPs污染空间分布各异,上游兰江点位及桐庐县、富阳市境内各点位总体浓度相对较高.通过特征组分比例可确认HCHs污染主要源于农田中使用有机氯类农药的降解残留及新的林丹污染输入,且非固定污染源输入.利用EPA推荐方法对通过饮水和皮肤接触途径摄入钱塘江水体中OCPs的健康风险进行评价:非致癌健康风险指数介于8.56×10-5~1.82×10-3,根据评价标准均未超标;致癌健康风险指数在3.96×10-8~1.93×10-7,均位于可忽略风险范围内.结果表明钱塘江(杭州段)作为饮用水水源,其水体中OCPs残留引起对人体产生的致癌、非致癌健康危害可忽略.