化学气相沉积法对13X分子筛孔径修饰及吸附性能研究

化学气相沉积法可对１３Ｘ分子筛进行孔径修饰，并用于含重金属离子废水的净化处理。研究结果表明，随１３Ｘ分子筛外表面ＳｉＯ２沉积量的增加，孔径收缩。     

硫酸参与喀斯特流域(北盘江)风化过程的碳同位素证据

在碳酸盐岩地区,流域侵蚀过程中硫酸是否参与,对于我们正确理解流域化学风化速率,以及流域侵蚀对大气CO2的消耗和全球碳循环等都有重要的意义。本工作在前期工作(乌江)的基础上,对贵州喀斯特地区的河流(北盘江)和支流的水化学特征以及水体溶解无机碳同位素组成进行了初步研究,研究结果证实硫酸参与了该喀斯特流域岩石/土壤化学风化过程。     

Studying soil organic matter using 13C CP-MAS NMR: the effect of soil chemical pre-treatments on spectra quality and representativity

¹³C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy is a technique that has proved to be useful in studying soil organic matter (SOM). Nevertheless, NMR spectra exhibit a weak signal and have very low resolution due to: the low natural abundance of ¹³C (1.1 % of C) in SOM, the generally low SOM content of soils, and the presence of paramagnetic impurities. This paper studies the effects of soil chemical pre-treatments on ¹³CP-MAS NMR spectra quality and spectra representativity i.e. soil C mass balance.

After chemical pre-treatment to increase total organic carbon (TOC) content and C/Fe ratio, eight soils characterized by different levels of organic carbon content and C/Fe ratios were studied using ¹³CP-MAS NMR. Moreover, where chemical treatments were not applicable due to high carbon losses, the number of ¹³CP-MAS NMR scans was increased in order to obtain satisfactory spectra.

Results show that chemical pre-treatment of soils with C/Fe > 1 caused high C losses. Bulk soils were therefore studied by increasing the number of ¹³CP-MAS NMR scans. Acceptable spectra were obtained from 8K scans (1K = 1024 transient). On the other hand, even when a large number of scan (32K) are used, soil with C/Fe < 1 cannot be studied. As these soils are characterized by low C losses after HCl treatments (range of 2.9–25.4%), a pre-treatment of at least 1.39 mol l⁻¹ HCl removes excess Fe and at the same time increases C/Fe ratio resulting in 32K scans providing good spectra.     

Effects of long-term soil amendment with sewage sludges on soil humic acid thermal and molecular properties

Sewage sludges are frequently used as soil amendments due to their high contents of organic matter and nutrients, particularly N and P. However, their effects upon the chemistry of soil humic acids, one of the main components of the soil organic matter, need to be more deeply studied in order to understand the relation between organic matter structure and beneficial soil properties. Two sewage sludges subjected to different types of pre-treatment (composted and thermally dried) with very different chemical compositions were applied for three consecutive years to an agricultural soil under long-term field study. Thermal analysis (TG–DTG–DTA) and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy were used to compare molecular and structural properties of humic acids isolated from sewage sludges, and to determine changes in amended soils. Thermally dried sewage sludge humic acids showed an important presence of alkyl and O/N-alkyl compounds (70%) while composted sludge humic acids comprised 50% aromatic and carbonyl carbon. In spite of important differences in the initial chemical and thermal properties of the two types of sewage sludges, the chemical and thermal properties of the soil humic acids were quite similar to one another after 3 years of amendment. Long-term application of both sewage sludges resulted in 80–90% enrichment in alkyl carbon and organic nitrogen contents of the soil humic acid fraction.