全文获取类型
收费全文 | 419篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 78篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 6篇 |
废物处理 | 4篇 |
环保管理 | 39篇 |
综合类 | 387篇 |
基础理论 | 34篇 |
污染及防治 | 30篇 |
评价与监测 | 7篇 |
社会与环境 | 7篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 36篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 33篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有514条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
191.
J. M. M. van Lith 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(8):621-624
We have started a multicentre trial to study the possibilities of first-trimester maternal serum screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Maternal blood samples were obtained before 13 weeks of gestation. We present the preliminary results of the first 950 patients on alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Results on cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) in Down's syndrome and normal pregnancies are also presented. We conclude that the results on AFP are promising and that CA 125 might be predictive for fetal Down's syndrome. 相似文献
192.
Guy Meunier Jean-Pierre Ponssard Philippe Quirion 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2014
Competitiveness and carbon leakage are major concerns for the design of CO2 emissions permits markets. In the absence of a global carbon tax and of border carbon adjustments, output-based allocation is a third-best solution and is actually implemented (Australia, California, New Zealand). The EU has followed a different route; free allowances are allocated to existing or new capacities in proportion to a benchmark, independent of actual production. This paper compares these two schemes in a formal setting and shows that the optimal one is in fact a combination of both schemes, or output-based allocation alone if uncertainty is limited. A key assumption of our analysis is that the short-term import pressure depends both on the existing capacities and the level of demand, which is typical in capital intensive and internationally traded sectors. A calibration of the model is used to discuss the EU scheme for the cement sector in the third phase of the EU-ETS (2013–2020). This allows for a quantification of various policies in terms of welfare, investment, production, company profits, public revenues and leakage. 相似文献
193.
W. Fuhrmann K. Altland V. Jovanovic W. Holzgreve P. Miny D. Wenger R. Rauskolb 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(3):215-218
Screening for Down syndrome and other chromosomal aneuploidies by biochemical parameters in maternal serum is well established for the second trimester. With screening as late as 16 weeks of gestation, the option of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) unfortunately is lost. In our study population, the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) concentration was determined in 2471 women in the first trimester immediately prior to CVS. Although in this sample MSAFP tended to be lower in Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies than in pregnancies with a chromosomally normal fetus, at this early gestational age neither a fixed cut-off level of 0·5 multiples of the normal median (MOM) nor one of 0·6 MOM was suitable for identifying pregnancies at higher risk for DS. This also applied to trisomy 18, although on average MSAFP in trisomy 18 pregnancies was lower than in normal and DS pregnancies. 相似文献
194.
Effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) hydrolysis: Theoretical and
experimental studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. First, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4 degrees C were calculated from that at 25 degrees C. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)24(7+)(Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4 degrees C caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25 degrees C, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4 degrees C, All3 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4 degrees C in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25 degrees C. 相似文献
195.
The adsorption and desorption characteristics of Al3+ to/from humic acids at di erent pH, ionic strength, and temperature were
studied by the C-25 glucosan-gel chromatography method. The results showed that the maximum adsorption amount (Qmax) and
adsorption constant (k) increased, whereas, the absolute value of standard thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0
m) decreased
with the increase of pH at constant ionic strength and temperature. With ionic strength increasing from 0 to 0.15 mol/L, Qmax and k
increased and the absolute value of G0
m decreased at constant pH and temperature. High temperature was unfavorable for the adsorption
reaction, as indicated by the dramatic decrease of Qmax and the absolute value of G0
m with an increase in temperature. The standard
thermodynamic molar free energy change ( G0
m) and the standard thermodynamic enthalpy change ( H0m
) of the adsorption reaction
were both negative, suggesting that adsorption reaction was spontaneous and exothermic. The desorption rate of HA-Al3+ complex
accelerated with the decrease of pH, and a significant linear relationship could be obtained between pH and the desorption rates of Al3+
from humic acids. These results demonstrated that the Al3+ adsorption reaction was a “biphase” reaction, and adsorption occurred at
both the interior and exterior adsorption sites of humic acids. 相似文献
196.
Flow cytometry was used to enumerate the lymphocyte subpopulations in fetal blood obtained by cordocentesis from eight trisomy 18 fetuses at 20–36 weeks' gestation. Compared with values in chromosomally normal fetuses, in trisomy 18 the mean T- and natural killer (NK) cell counts were significantly lower (t= − 7·63, P<0·001 and t= − 3·58, P<0·01, respectively); the mean B-cell count was not significantly different (t= − 1·32). These findings demonstrate that in trisomy 18 there is abnormal intrauterine development of the immune system. 相似文献
197.
Maternal serum markers for trisomy 21 screening (MSS) can be assayed in women ≥35 years in an attempt to reduce the need for invasive procedures and thereby avoid their side effects. Our objective was to compare, in women ≥35, eight different software packages dedicated to second trimester MSS, thus providing reliable data for patient counselling. A simulation study was carried out on 189 sera from women with Down syndrome fetuses and 11 962 sera from mothers of unaffected babies. The first step was to estimate the joint distribution of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG). The second step was to calculate trisomy 21 detection and false-positive rates for each software according to maternal age (35–45 years), using the usual 1:250 risk threshold. Agreement between software packages was measured using 2×2 kappa coefficients. Detection rates and false-positive rates increased with maternal age. Depending on the software, 57–71% detection rates were achieved at 35 years with 12–18% false-positive rates. At 45 years, 61–100% detection rates were achieved with 66–95% false-positive rates. Up to 39 years, all softwares were concordant (kappa coefficients >0.75). In the range 35–45 years, false-positive and detection rates increased substantially with maternal age and differences between software packages are observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
198.
This paper revisits the role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), suggesting the usefulness of adopting a holistic and historical perspective. It underlines the importance of taking into account the evolving regulatory frameworks within which mining activities take place in order to consider the changing roles played by the various actors involved, whether multilateral, national or local, public or private. In this broad context it then becomes possible to revisit issues of legitimacy, responsibility, and accountability, which CSR strategies aim to address. The article draws attention to the shortcomings of strategies, whether bilateral or multilateral, public or private, which, in an attempt to respond to problems of risk and legitimacy faced by mining companies, have put forward measures in the name of CSR that do not address the origins that give rise to such problems and, in so doing, tend to mask the very nature of the difficulties at hand. The analysis leads to quite different conclusions as compared to those that result from the adoption of a shorter term and investment-led perspective. 相似文献
199.
In a simultaneous model of human and physical capital accumulation for 17 Latin American countries from 1975 to 2004, we show that overall resource dependence has no significant direct effect on physical and human capital. When disaggregating the natural resource variable into sub-categories, we find that petroleum export dependence has a significant positive direct effect on physical capital, but a significant negative direct effect on human capital. Agricultural export dependence shows a significant negative direct effect on physical capital. Petroleum exports have a long run positive effect on physical capital but a negative long run effect on human capital. Agricultural exports have a negative long run effect on physical and human capital. 相似文献
200.
This paper investigates long memory (or long-range dependence) in price returns and volatilities of energy futures contracts with different maturities. Based on a modified rescaled range analysis and three local Whittle methods, the results from rolling sample test suggest that the returns showed little or no long-range dependence over time but the volatilities displayed significant time-varying long-range dependence. Our evidence shows that some extreme events could cause long memory in returns and volatilities, leading to market inefficiency. Employing multiscale analysis, we find that the returns displayed no long-range dependence for any of the chosen time scales. Significant long-range dependence only existed in volatilities for daily time scales but not for monthly or yearly time scales. 相似文献