急性冷暴露对仔猪血浆中IL-2、IL-6、ACTH和皮质醇水平的影响

为了探讨急性冷应激对仔猪免疫系统的影响,本试验将18头45 d"约克夏"仔猪随机分成常温对照组(Control,C)、冷暴露组(Cold exposure,CE)和冷暴露并阻断糖皮质激素受体组(Cold exposure+RU486,CER).常温组在18～20 ℃、冷暴露各组在4～8℃环境下分栏饲养.冷暴露时间持续12 h,在冷暴露开始后的第0、1、3、6、9、12 h六个时间点对18头仔猪采血并分离血浆,分别使用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测各血浆样品的IL-2和IL-6水平,放射免疫分析法测定血浆样品的ACTH和皮质醇水平.结果显示:单纯冷暴露组IL-2水平和IL-6水平在冷暴露6 h时明显升高(P<0.01),ACTH水平在各时间点均明显降低(P<0.01),而Cortisol水平仅在冷暴露3 h时明显升高(P<0.01),IL-2与IL-6的水平呈强相关(r=0.959 5),ACTH与IL-2的水平呈巾等强度负相关(r=-0.435 9)、与IL-6的水平呈弱的负相关,皮质醇与IL-2的水平呈弱的负相关、与IL-6的水平呈中等强度负相关(r=-0.447 8);受体阻断组IL-2在冷暴露6h、9 h和12 h时均明显升高(P<0.01),IL-6在冷暴露6 h明显升高(P<0.01),ACTH在冷暴露各时间点均明显降低(P<0.01),IL-2和IL-6水平呈中等相关(r=0.416 1),ACTH与IL-2、IL-6的水平均呈强负相关(r=-0.676 5/-0.717 4),皮质醇与IL-2、IL-6均呈弱负相关.上述结果表明,急性冷暴露能使IL-2、IL-6及皮质醇的分泌增强,且阻断糖皮质激素受体会导致IL-2和IL-6之间以及ACTH与IL-2/IL-6之间的相关性改变.图1参21     

Chemical synthesis of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one: a natural antifungal biosynthesized by Trichoderma spp.

Trichoderma spp. biosynthesize 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP), a natural antifungal pyrone which could be used as biological control agent (BCA). Unfortunately, biotechnical processes are limited by inhibition of biomass at high concentration of 6-PP. We report herein a new easy synthesis of this natural pyrone, using readily available starting materials. This synthesis, compatible with a large production scale, permit to obtain overweight amounts of 6-PP that in biotechnological routes.     

Enzymatic and cellular level effects of chromium∗

Exposure of Cr to four hepatic enzymes activities of tilapia, viz. acid‐ and alkaline phosphatases, catalase and glucose‐6‐phosphatase, was contrary to the results obtained for Cd and Ni. This is the only heavy metal investigated thus far that dramatically augmented glucose‐6‐phosphatase by approximately 83% at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 in vivo in lieu of the fact of an initial inhibition of approximately 45 % at a lower concentration of Cr; 6 mg L^‐1. In the case of acid phosphatase and catalase activities progressive increment was observed up to 50 and 217% respectively at a concentration of 12 mg L^‐1 Cr. On the other hand, in contrast to all the investigated enzymes interestingly alkaline phosphatase was inhibited continuously at all concentrations up to 46% at 12 mgL^‐1 Cr. In vitro experiments were contrary to the above mentioned results, whereby all hepatic enzymes were inhibited with major inhibition observed for acid phosphatase of approximately 60% from 5 mgL^‐1 Cr onwards in the system.

At cellular level, Cr exposure at a lethal dose of 12 mgL^‐1 demonstrated similar effects to that of Cd. In general, the glycogen and fat reserves were depleted while lysosomal activity is increased. As compared to the effects of Cd, the mitochondria did not indicate any prominent reflection in the formation of intramitochondrial bodies. Further, similar to Cd, the cell membrane as well as nucleus were not affected.     

Zn2+及Fe3+对嗜淀粉乳杆菌开放式发酵产乳酸的影响

研究了在餐厨垃圾中接种嗜淀粉乳杆菌进行开放式乳酸发酵(即发酵原料不灭菌)的可行性,探讨了添加Fe3+、Zn2+的发酵体系中相关酶活与代谢产物的关系.结果表明,开放式发酵体系的乳酸产量高于非开放式发酵体系.加Fe3+体系的乳酸脱氢酶活性较高,导致乳酸产量增加(最高达29.5g/L),比未添加微量元素的对照体系增加了24.2%;而加Zn2+体系的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性较高,导致副产物乙醇产量的增加,从而使乳酸产量低于对照体系;添加不同微量元素时嗜淀粉乳杆菌对底物中淀粉的利用率由高到低的顺序为:加Fe3+体系(65.7%) > 对照体系 (38.5%)>Zn2+体系(28.1%).此外,在嗜淀粉乳酸菌的发酵体系中,蔗糖和麦芽糖比乳糖容易降解成葡萄糖,果糖,最终被乳酸菌利用.     

Na2Ti6O13纳米带的制备及其光降解活性艳橙染料废水的研究

用微乳法和熔盐法结合制备出了Na2Ti6O13纳米带,并用XRD,SEM对其进行表征;研究了Na2Ti6O13在紫外光下对偶氮染料活性艳橙(X-GN)的降解,并探讨了pH值、催化剂投加量和外加H2O2氧化剂对光催化效率的影响。实验表明,Na2Ti6O13具有很好的光催化性能,30W紫外灯下光催化60min对25mg/LX-GN的降解率最高可达94.1%;反应液pH值过高或过低会影响催化剂活性,最佳pH值为5.7;一定范围内,光催化效率随催化剂投加量的增加而提高,但投加量大于1.0 g/L时,催化效率反而下降;适当投加H2O2能显著提高降解效果。     

煤矿政策对安全生产影响分析及实证研究

为分析煤矿政策对安全生产中的影响,回顾1978年以来煤矿政策和安全生产状况。统计了1978—2010年我国主要的煤矿政策,分阶段分析其与煤炭产量、煤矿事故指标之间的发展变化关系,运用EViews6建立煤矿事故死亡人数与煤炭产量之间的回归模型,并进行检验修正,比较验证煤矿政策的作用效果。结果表明:1978—1991年和1992—2002年,煤炭产量对死亡人数的影响系数为397.482,事故随产量的增长而加剧,但后一时期由于政策监管等因素影响,在同等产量条件下,煤矿事故相对减少;2003—2010年,影响系数为-283.770,煤矿安全状况随煤炭产量的增长而明显好转。     

不同条件下6-APA粉体爆炸最小点火能测试研究

6氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA）是生产阿莫西林的重要中间体,在生产过程的离心机分离及干燥等环节存在粉体燃烧爆炸的危险。利用Hartmann管式粉尘最小点火能测试装置,研究6-APA干粉状态及丙酮存在环境粉体最小点火能变化规律。实验结果表明,6-APA粉体在分散质量为0.6g时,最小点火能为14mJ,参照VDI2263的规定,属于一般着火敏感性粉尘。向粉体中加入丙酮溶剂模拟实际生产环境,实验结果显示粉尘云最小点火能下降明显,且混合物着火能力增强。质量为1g的6-APA粉体与0.5mL丙酮溶剂配比条件下,混合物分散质量为0.6g时,最小点火能为6mJ,在此环境中混合粉体属于特别着火敏感性粉尘。实验结果阐明了6-APA在丙酮存在环境条件下混合粉体燃烧的爆炸危险性,为采取相应的爆炸防护措施提供了实验依据。