Connectivity of wood thrush breeding,wintering, and migration sites based on range‐wide tracking

Many migratory animals are experiencing rapid population declines, but migration data with the geographic scope and resolution to quantify the complex network of movements between breeding and nonbreeding regions are often lacking. Determining the most frequently used migration routes and nonbreeding regions for a species is critical for understanding population dynamics and making effective conservation decisions. We tracked the migration of individual Wood Thrushes (Hylocichla mustelina) (n = 102) from across their range with light‐level geolocators and, for the first time, quantified migration routes and wintering regions for distinct breeding populations. We identified regional and species‐level migratory connectivity networks for this declining songbird by combining our tracking results with range‐wide breeding abundance estimates and forest cover data. More than 50% of the species occupied the eastern wintering range (Honduras to Costa Rica), a region that includes only one‐third of all wintering habitat and that is undergoing intensive deforestation. We estimated that half of all Wood Thrushes in North America migrate south through Florida in fall, whereas in spring approximately 73% funnel northward through a narrow span along the central U.S. Gulf Coast (88–93°W). Identifying migratory networks is a critical step for conservation of songbirds and we demonstrated with Wood Thrushes how it can highlight conservation hotspots for regional populations and species as a whole. Conectividad de Sitios de Reproducción, Invierno y Migración del Zorzal con Base en Rastreo de Cobertura Amplia     

辽宁地区一次暴雨过程成因的位涡诊断分析

2003年8月5—6日，受东移北上的华北气旋的影响，辽宁省大部分地区出现暴雨天气，其中彰武、本溪等地出现局地大暴雨。应用MM5非静力中尺度模式对这次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟，在模拟结果的基础上，利用位涡分析方法对这次过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明，在对流层低层有正位涡扰动存在，对强对流天气具有触发作用；对流层中低层的相对高位涡中心和对流层高层的较强低位涡中心相配合，有利于形成低层辐合与高层辐散，使得气旋得以维持和发展，从而为对流性降水提供了必要条件；在对流层中低层，出现高位涡中心地区可能形成暴雨中心。     

影响黄渤海域热带气旋的灾害分析

分析了1971—2000年北上影响辽东半岛及黄渤海域热带气旋的气候特征、路径分类及灾害特点，结果表明，台风是造成黄渤海域风浪灾害的主要天气系统之一；辽东半岛地区，最大暴雨是由台风引起的；不同路径的热带气旋造成的灾害不同；热带气旋活动具有群集性，在产生风暴潮、暴雨的同时，常引发洪涝灾害、泥石流、滑坡等次生灾害，加重了灾害程度。     

水力旋流沉淀器在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的应用

阐述了新型SXD水力旋流沉淀器的工作原理及结构特点，并从理论和实际应用两方面分析了影响水力旋流器处理效果的因素，评价了其在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的性能。     

1949～1999年西北太平洋热带气旋活动时空分异研究

采用西北太平洋热带气旋年鉴数据 (1949～ 1999年 ) ,进行了统计分析 ,然后以每次热带气旋的中心位置资料 ,建立起 1°× 1°经纬度的热带气旋路径频数分布图 ,从季节、年际变化全面分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的时空变化规律。结果表明 :(1) 1949年到 1999年 ,西北太平洋热带气旋活动频繁 ,2 0世纪 6 0年代是热带旋多发期 ,70年代后期以后逐渐减少 ;而从年内的变化来看 ,7,8,9,10 ,这 4个月热带气旋发生的次数占绝大多数 ;(2 )热带气旋频数的分布大体以中国南海地区、菲律宾群岛以及马里亚纳群岛附近这 3个密集区为中心 ,向各个方向呈辐射状减少 ;(3)热带气旋频数空间分布存在着明显的季节变化 ,而年际变化不明显。     

热带海—气的相互作用与地球自转—用天文方法预测ENSO事件

本文介绍了热带海洋、大气的相互作用,着重描述了它们与地球自转年际速率变化的关系和物理过程的联系,以及用天文观测的日长变化资料预测ENSO事件的方法和尝试.     

旋风静电除尘器流场分布测试研究

利用五孔探针系统对直筒式旋风静电除尘器模型的三维流场进行了测定与分析。结果表明：随着入口风速、供电电压增加，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向和径向速度分别增加，各截面轴向速度沿半径的分布基本相似；与旋风除尘器相比，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向速度和径向速度的变化更为平缓，入口风速为8．5m／s时，在0．3～0．5倍简体直径时，切向速度达最大。     

Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils I. selection of promising woody plants

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: This glasshouse study is aimed at evaluating tropical plants for phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated saline sandy subsurface soils. Tropical plants were selected for their ability to tolerate high salinity and remove No. 2 diesel fuel in coastal topsoil prior to further investigation of the phytoremediation feasibility in deep contaminated soils. The residual petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminant at the John Rogers Tank Farm site, a former petroleum storage facility, at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Hawaii, is located in a coastal area. It lies below a layer of silt in the subsurface, in loamy sand characterized by moderate salinity and high pH. Little is known regarding the ability of tropical plants to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated subsurface soil in Hawaiian and other Pacific Island ecosystems although suitable plants have been identified and utilized for bioremediation in surface soil or marine sediments. METHODS: The experiments were conducted in long narrow pots under glasshouse conditions in two phases. A preliminary experiment was done with nine tropical plants: kiawe (Prosopis pallida), milo (Thespesia populnea), common ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia), kou (Cordia subcordata), tropical coral tree (Erythrina variegata), false sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense), beach naupaka (Scaevola sericea), oleander (Nerium oleander), and buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). These plants were screened for resistance to high salinity treatment (2% NaCl) and two diesel fuel levels (5 and 10 g No. 2 diesel fuel/kg soil) in separate treatments. Plants that showed good tolerance of both factors were further evaluated in a second phase for their efficacy in the phytoremediation of diesel-fuel petroleum hydrocarbons under moderate salinity treatment (1% NaCl). RESULTS: Tropical coral tree and buffelgrass were susceptible to either 2% NaCl or diesel fuel at 10 g/kg soil, but tolerant of diesel fuel at 5 g/kg soil. Kiawe, milo, kou, common ironwood, N. oleander, beach naupaka and false sandalwood were tolerant of high salinity (2% NaCl) or high diesel fuel level (10 g/kg soil). These seven plants were also tolerant of the combined adverse effects of a moderate salinity (1% NaCl) and 10 g diesel fuel/kg soil. Three trees, kiawe, milo and kou significantly accelerated the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil spiked with 10 g diesel fuel/kg soil under a moderate salinity treatment (1% NaCl). CONCLUSION: Thus the tropical woody plants, kiawe, milo and kou showed potential for use in phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in coastal tropical soils. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Two fast growing trees, milo and kou, appeared promising for further phytoremediation evaluation in experiments that simulate the soil profile at the field site.     

APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL MEASURES FOR STREAM INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT IN SOUTH-EAST BRAZIL

The sensitivity of eleven metrics using macroinvertebrate assemblages were evaluated in an environmental gradient in a tropical river in south-east Brazil. Eight sites were sampled in an altitudinal range of 160–650 m.a.s.l. during 1999 (April and August) and 2000 (February). Four substrates were sampled at each site: riffle litter, pool litter, stony substrates and sediment. Correspondence Analysis indicated that assemblages were primarily more influenced by physical changes (like deforestation and erosion processes) than the water chemistry. The sensitivity of each metric was evaluated through the application of box-and-whisker plot method by its power to assess impairment (metrics should be able to discriminate reference sites from impaired sites) and natural variability (metrics should not discriminate two reference sites). Metrics that failed in at least one of the above premises were not considered as sensitive. In this study, the most sensitive metrics were Shannon index, BMWP-ASPT, %_EPT, and relative abundance of EPT to Chironomidae.     

平衡尘粒模型用于旋风分离器分级效率的计算

运用平衡尘粒模型分析给出了旋风器分级效率的计算方法 ,对反映分级效率分布的参数切割粒径dc50 和分布指数 β进行了讨论。以Stairmand旋风器为例 ,与部分研究者的分级效率计算公式进行了对比