库房火灾事故中弹药热安全性研究

为研究不同火灾条件下弹药发生慢速烤燃的升温速率,以典型地面仓库和舰船舱室火灾为研究对象,建立仿真模型,模拟计算发生火灾时弹药贮存环境的热激源强度及其演化规律,针对发动机在此类环境下的热安全性开展仿真计算,分析其响应规律。研究结果表明：不同火灾条件下弹药慢速烤燃的升温速率有很大区别且往往高于标准慢速烤燃试验常用的升温速率3.3 K/h。随着慢速烤燃升温速率的提高,发动机烤燃点火时间提前,点火时刻发动机中间位置温度下降,两端温度升高,且点火位置向发动机喉部移动。研究结果可以指导弹药库房的设计及弹药安全性增强设计。     

MoS2/g-C3N4纳米纤维光催化降解柴油机苯系排放污染物

采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维,采用XRD、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis和Raman等光谱分析技术表征了催化剂相组成和微观形貌,评价了催化剂表面化学形态和吸光特性,探讨了催化剂对甲苯的光催化降解机理,研究了MoS_2含量、光源条件、温度和催化稳定性对降解甲苯的影响规律.结果表明,在MoS_2/g-C_3N_4中掺杂适宜的MoS_2有助于提高催化剂活性,改善催化剂比表面积和孔容积.在可见光条件下,催化剂(10%MoS_2)对甲苯的降解率为90.24%.由汽车尾气中苯系污染物光催化降解应用可知,在柴油机转速为2000 r·min~(-1),油门开度(负荷)分别为25%、50%、75%和100%的条件下,10%MoS_2对苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和邻二甲苯的平均降解率分别为88.12%、90.03%、86.25%、87.12%、87.07%和87.23%,表明MoS_2/g-C_3N_4纳米纤维具有较强的光催化降解苯系物能力.     

Emissions of particulate matter and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from agricultural diesel engine fueled with degummed, deacidified mixed crude palm oil blends

Mixed crude palm oil(MCPO),the mixture of palm fiber oil and palm kernel oil,has become of great interest as a renewable energy source.It can be easily extracted from whole dried palm fruits.In the present work,the degummed,deacidified MCPO was blended in petroleum diesel at portions of 30% and 40% by volume and then tested in agricultural diesel engines for long term usage.The particulates from the exhaust of the engines were collected every 500 hr using a four-stage cascade air sampler.The 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters for the first three stages were 10,2.5 and 1μm,while the last stage collected all particles smaller than 1μm.Sixteen particle bounded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography.The results indicated that the size distribution of particulate matter was in the accumulation mode and the pattern of total PAHs associated with fine-particles(< 1μm) showed a dominance of larger molecular weight PAHs(4-6 aromatic rings),especially pyrene.The mass median diameter,PM and total PAH concentrations decreased when increasing the palm oil content,but increased when the running hours of the engine were increased.In addition,Commercial petroleum diesel(PB0) gave the highest value of carcinogenic potency equivalent(BaP eq) for all particle size ranges.As the palm oil was increased,the BaP eq decreased gradually.Therefore the degummed-deacidified MCPO blends are recommended for diesel substitute.     

固体装药头部人工脱粘层应力应变仿真分析

目的研究固体发动机药柱头部人工脱粘层在50,20,-40℃等3种温度下的应力应变。方法基于线性粘弹性有限元方法,利用ABAQUS分析软件对药柱应力应变进行仿真。结果得到了人工脱粘层在3种温度条件下的Mises和最大主应力应变云图,及Ⅰ,Ⅱ界面轴向、周向和径向的应力应变对比曲线。结论最大应力应变出现在人工脱粘层根部,应力与环境温度的变化成线性关系,温度变化对Ⅰ界面上脱粘层轴向应变、Ⅱ界面上径向应变影响最大。     

基于全生命周期评价理论的EREV/BEV/ICEV环境效益及减碳经济性评估

为完善增程式电动汽车（Extended range electric vehicle,EREV）全生命周期环境影响和经济效益评价研究,对EREV、纯电动汽车（Battery electric vehicle,BEV）和内燃机汽车（Internal combustion engine vehicle,ICEV）进行了对比分析.基于生命周期评价理论和生命周期成本分析方法,构建了车辆生命周期资源消耗、能源消耗、环境影响和成本评价模型,针对不同汽车各阶段材料消耗、能源消耗和环境排放三大特性,识别EREV、BEV和ICEV的环境负荷差异,并从初始购置成本、使用维护成本和报废回收成本3个方面评价了EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期成本差异.综合碳排放特性和经济属性,进一步提出减碳经济性评价指标,科学评价EREV和BEV的环境效益和减碳经济性,并讨论了不同电力结构下EREV、BEV和ICEV的生命周期温室气体排放情况和减碳经济性变化.对增程式电动汽车进行全生命周期内综合评价研究,进一步明确EREV在多种能源类型汽车技术路线中的环境效益和减碳经济性.结果表明,相比于ICEV,BEV和EREV在运行使...     

柴油机排放颗粒物组成分析

采用过滤分离、超声洗脱和气质联用等技术,实验测定了柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物的质量含量、可溶性有机组分在颗粒物中的质量分数和可溶性有机组分的化学组成。在实验条件下,柴油机尾气中碳烟颗粒物的质量含量为32·6~143·6mg/m3。可溶性有机组分在颗粒物中的质量分数为18·5%~89·4%。可溶性有机组分中检测出有机物100多种,已确定化学结构的有机物73种,其中直链和支链烷烃含量占81·22%,芳烃类化合物17·94%。     

柴油车烟度计维修二例

环境监测仪器由于受环境条件等因素的影响 ,经常会出现各种故障 ,文章对柴油车烟度计检测时表头指针无指示故障进行了系统分析 ,并介绍了维修方法和步骤     

Factors influencing NOx emission of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester blend – Taguchi approach

The main objective of this work is to control the NO_x emission of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with crude rice bran oil methyl ester blend with less sacrifice on smoke density and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and also to investigate the factors influencing the objective. Fuel injection timing, percentage of exhaust gas recirculation and fuel injection pressure are chosen as the promising factors for the objective and NO_x emission, smoke density and BTE are considered as response variables. Tests were conducted as per Taguchi’s L₉ orthogonal array and the most influencing factor for each response variable and also the significance of each factor on the same was found out through analysis of variance (ANOVA). Response graph was drawn for each response variable and from the results of response graph and ANOVA the optimum combination of the factor levels in achieving the objective was obtained and the same was confirmed experimentally.     

废机油的处置及利用

工厂大量使用的废机油，经过预处理及酸、碱洗涤等步骤去除渣质，可以回收同原油一样使用。     

利用ME-2模型提升PM2.5源解析效果

为探讨ME-2模型控制旋转对传统PMF模型源解析效果的提升作用，于2017年9月10日~2018年8月29日在深圳北部某工业区开展PM_2.5采样，共获得153套样品.对PM_2.5中31种化学组分进行了分析，筛选出17个物种输入模型运算.2018年深圳北部工业区大气PM_2.5年均浓度为32.3 μg/m³，利用PMF模型初步识别出9个因子，分别为二次硫酸盐、二次硝酸盐、老化海盐、土壤扬尘、工业排放、燃煤、生物质燃烧、船舶排放和机动车，PMF输出结果中"混合因子"问题显著.基于PMF解析结果及获得的先验信息，在ME-2模型中建立4个限制源谱进一步解析，结果表明，与PMF模型相比，ME-2结果的示踪物在源中分配更集中，对示踪物浓度与相应源贡献的时间序列也提供了更好的拟合效果.二次硝酸盐、老化海盐、工业排放源在PMF模型中被高估了9%~51%，而二次硫酸盐、燃煤和生物质燃烧源被低估了19%~40%.本研究中ME-2解析结果比PMF更具有环境和统计学意义，为污染防治提供了更精确的控制指向.