柴油品质对1台典型欧Ⅳ柴油机性能影响的研究

为提出与我国第4阶段排放法规相适应的车用柴油标准,作为北京市"汽车-油品"项目的研究内容之一,在1台满足欧Ⅳ排放法规的柴油机上对不同品质参数的8种柴油进行对比试验.结果表明,柴油品质参数变化对试验用欧Ⅳ柴油机动力性、燃油经济性和缸内燃烧过程影响很小;微粒中的硫酸盐和气态SO2排放量均随硫含量上升而线性增加;十六烷值增加,比油耗和PM排放稍有下降、NOx排放稍有上升;T90下降,NOx排放下降、PM有降低趋势.在试验数据基础上,拟合得到了试验用欧Ⅳ柴油机ESC循环SCR前NOx和PM排放量随柴油硫含量、十六烷值、蒸馏特性T90和芳香烃含量4个参数变化的预测公式.     

纳米氧化铈对汽油发动机尾气污染物排放的影响

通过非水微乳液法制备了纳米氧化铈,并将之添加到90^#汽油中,研究了纳米氧化铈对汽油动力性能、尾气污染物CO、HC、PM、NOx排放的影响。结果表明：非水微乳液法制备的纳米氧化铈粒径在30～50nm之间,粒径分布较窄;添加浓度为100mg／L时,不会对汽油的动力性能产生明显影响,但可以明显降低90。汽油尾气中的CO、HC、PM、NOx排放。其中,800r／min的正常怠速下可以降低CO排放19．39％、HE排放19．92％、NOx排放51．19％、PM排放25％;在2000r／min的高怠速下可降低CO排放16．17％、NOx排放46．92％、PM排放16．67％。     

PPS滤布对柴油机排放PM的过滤效率

基于柴油机实验台架和颗粒捕集装置,采用聚苯硫醚(PPS)针刺毡滤布过滤柴油机排放的颗粒物(PM)。利用称重法,以Whatman玻璃纤维滤纸为对比滤纸,间接测试了3种PPS滤布的过滤效率;同时实验探索了表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间。实验结果表明,3种滤布在180℃的加热条件下将出现颜色和形态的变化;3种滤布在深床过滤期对PM的平均过滤效率分别为78.8%、76.9%和83.7%;表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间为15~20 min,此后其过滤效率可接近100%。     

柴油机尾气中微粒粒径分布特征的实验研究

柴油机尾气中的微粒粒径大小分布范围广泛,不同直径的微粒所占的比例以及对环境和人身健康造成的危害各不相同,因此对微粒粒径特征进行研究更具有实际意义.本研究分别采用滤膜称重法和光散射法对厦工XG951Ⅲ装载机配置的国Ⅲ柴油发动机怠速工况下的尾气进行测试,研究了微粒的质量浓度分布、数量浓度分布以及质量浓度与数量浓度分布的关系.研究结果表明,从微粒质量上看,可吸入微粒(PM10)占微粒总量(TSP)的74.0%,可入肺微粒(PM2.5)占可吸入微粒的48.1%;2.5 μm以下粒径范围内的微粒质量浓度是2.5~10 μm粒径范围内微粒质量浓度的将近3倍,是10~100 μm粒径范围内微粒质量浓度的52倍;2.5~10 μm粒径范围的微粒质量浓度是10~100 μm粒径范围内微粒质量浓度的18倍.数量上,在不同的数量级上,微粒数量浓度随粒径变化差距很明显,尤其是1 μm以下的微粒较多.另外,质量浓度的粒径分布滞后于数量浓度.因此PM2.5排放标准中应考虑以个数浓度代替质量浓度为标准.     

飞机发动机室内开车尾气排放引射喷淋降温仿真分析

目的将气候实验室飞机发动机开车时产生的高温高噪声尾气实时顺利排出室外,保持试验所需的稳定环境场,避免排气不畅或可能的高温尾气回流对试验及试验设施产生破坏,保证试验安全可靠进行。方法设计一套发动机开车尾气排放系统,对关键的气体引流喷淋降温进行CFD数值模拟。结果喷流环孔径、喷射角度及数量分布均直接影响引射喷淋雾化效果。结论获得可以满足发动机开车尾气排放塔出口温度分布的喷淋环参数,指导引流管喷淋环的详细设计。     

不同燃料柴油机多环芳烃排放特征的试验研究

在一台直喷式柴油机上,采用玻璃纤维滤纸及XAD-2吸附管采集、超声和索氏提取、气质联用分析等技术,测量了燃用柴油、生物柴油及其调合油B50排气中的多环芳烃类污染物（PAHs）.研究表明,柴油机颗粒相PAHs排放随着负荷的增大呈现降低的趋势,气相PAHs排放随着负荷呈现先降低后升高的趋势.与柴油相比,生物柴油的颗粒相和气...     

柴油机污染物排放后处理技术的研究进展

国内外柴油机主要排放物NOx和微粒的后处理技术的研究现状和最新技术发展动态表明，机内、机外处理技术的组合，是达到未来柴油机排放标准、实现大幅度降低柴油机污染物排放的趋势。分析了各种机外净化技术的特点和存在问题，阐述了燃油含硫量对柴油机排放后处理的影响。     

Analysis of emission characteristics of gas turbine engines with some alternative fuels

The paper concerns the comparative analysis of combustion characteristics of different alternative fuels such as Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK), cryogenic methane, bioethanol, biomethanol, biobutanol, dimethyl ether, biodiesel and conventional aviation kerosene Jet-A as well as analysis of emissions of NO_x, CO, CO₂, H₂O, HNO_y (y = 2,3) and organics for gas turbine engine operating on these fuels. The analysis has shown that the usage of all considered alternative fuels results in the increase of H₂O emission, compared to kerosene-fueled combustor, and, as consequence, in the growth of water vapor supersaturation that can increase the rate of the H₂O vapor condensation and enhance the formation of contrails and cirrus clouds in the atmosphere. The usage of all considered alternative fuels except FT-SPK, cryogenic methane and dimethyl can increase the CO₂ emission compared to using of kerosene. Emission of N-containing species can be reduced upon the usage of considered alternative fuels, except dimethyl ether, for which one can expect the increase in the emissions of HNO₂ and HNO₃ approximately by 10%. The emission of CO decreases for all fuels except biodiesel. The major decrease can be achieved upon the replacement of kerosene to bioethanol.     

Best location of the small wind turbine around a single high-rise building

This research is a three-dimensional investigation about the aerodynamic interaction between the wind flow and a single high-rise building. In order to find location(s) with high potential of velocity around the building, a wide variety of wind speeds ranging from 2 to 10 m/s is studied. On the other hand, a high-rise building with the ratio of height to width of H/W = 3 is considered. Computations are performed numerically by means of the finite volume approach. Several results are obtained in the present numerical study. For example, it is found that due to wind-structure vertical interaction, locations with enhanced velocities are developed on the building roof in which the rate of this enhancement increases with increasing the wind speed. In addition, over the building, “lines C and D” are realized as the best locations having high power potentials and low turbulence intensities. In addition, lateral wind-structure interaction revealed that for all wind speeds, location of L/W = 0.5 is the best for the small wind turbine installation.     

Comparison of jatropha and karanja biofuels on their combustion characteristics

Biofuel blends produced from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil were evaluated for their combustion properties. Two kinds of blends (regular diesel with Jatropha and Karanja oil) were prepared at 20% volume to the diesel and tested as alternative fuels in single cylinder (vertical), water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine at the rated speed of 1500 rpm. The performance of the engine in terms of thermal efficiency at full load for diesel was 30%. For Jatropha and Karanja biodiesel blends, the thermal efficiencies were 29.0% and 28.6%, respectively. The maximum cylinder pressure and ignition delay for biodiesel fuel blends are very close to that of regular diesel. Prolonged combustion was observed for Karanja oil blend in comparison to Jatropha oil blend. The combustion pattern also reveals the slow burning characteristics of vegetable oils and this study indicates that the blended biofuels have combustion characteristics that are similar to regular diesel fuels.