衡水电厂3B给水泵汽轮机转速摆动原因分析

给水泵小汽轮机的转速摆动是给水系统中常见的问题,引起的原因有测量不准、PID参数整定不当、伺服系统故障等多个方面。介绍了衡水电厂3B给水泵汽轮小机转速摆动故障的分析解决过程,分析了EH油质对电液伺服系统的重要性,提出了相关检修维护注意事项。     

基于Arcgis engine和Matlab的避难场所选址系统开发及应用

针对现有避难场所选址需要多种工具配合、操作步骤繁杂和工作量大的问题,开发了基于Arcgis engine和Matlab的避难场所选址系统。通过Arcgis engine实现避难场所选址所需的定制系统界面、空间数据管理、最短路径分析、缓冲区分析和voronoi图分析等GIS功能。通过Matlab构建多目标加权灰靶决策法和熵值权重法模型,实现避难场所选址功能。应用COM组件技术实现Arcgis Engine和matlab的集成。以泉州市中心城区为例,应用该系统进行应急避难场所选址决策分析。结果表明,该系统可以满足泉州市的应急避难场所选址及布局分析需求。     

CeO_2-TiO_2复合纳米纤维光催化降解醛酮类污染物的研究

采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了CeO2-TiO2复合纳米纤维,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、程序升温脱附仪和紫外-可见光谱能谱(UVVis)仪表征了CeO2-TiO2纳米纤维的相组成和微观形貌,分析了CeO2-TiO2纳米纤维对醛酮的吸附强度与光电化学特性.同时,研究了CeO2配比量、光源条件和重复使用性对降解甲醛污染物的影响规律.结果表明,CeO2质量配比为50%的CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛降解效率最高;在无光和可见光条件下,CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率分别为13.5%和25.3%,在紫外光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率为92.5%;随着光催化循环次数的增加,可见光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率逐渐增高,紫外光下CeO2-TiO2催化剂对甲醛的降解效率维持在92.5%左右.利用催化剂样品CT50对柴油机尾气中醛酮类排放污染物进行光催化降解的应用发现,CeO2-TiO2催化剂对醛类污染物的降解效率为85.4%,酮类污染物的降解效率为81.3%,苯甲醛和甲基苯甲醛的降解效率分别为80.4%和80.3%.表明CeO2-TiO2催化剂具有较强的光催化降解醛酮类污染物的能力.     

MMT对GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放的影响

为研究MMT对GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放数量浓度以及质量浓度的影响,利用DMS500快速型微粒光谱仪,对一台增压缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机和一台自然吸气式气道喷射(PFI)汽油机燃用基础油以及在基础油中添加有机锰(MMT)的燃油的微粒排放特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:MMT的添加均会增加GDI、PFI汽油机的微粒排放,燃用不同含Mn量的燃油,各负荷下GDI汽油机的微粒数量浓度均明显高于PFI汽油机.中小负荷下GDI、PFI汽油机微粒排放数量浓度以及质量浓度均随着Mn含量的增加而上升.大负荷下,PFI汽油机微粒数量浓度随着Mn含量的增加而上升,但GDI汽油机则是在燃用不含Mn的燃油时微粒数量浓度最低,而后随着燃油中Mn含量的增加,超细微粒数量浓度的峰值反而逐步降低.GDI、PFI汽油机核模态与积聚模态微粒数量变化的规律相似.     

DME简化反应模型及其在HCCI燃烧分析中的应用研究

提出了一个可应用于HCCI发动机工作过程研究的DME化学反应动力学简化模型,该模型由28种组分、38个基元反应组成,包括3个子模型,即低温反应和负温度系数区子模型、高温裂解和高温氧化子模型以及甲酸生成过程子模型.通过算例对比分析,该DME简化模型能正确揭示DME燃烧过程主要生成物组分的变化规律,能准确计算DME燃烧过程低温和高温阶段的放热特征时刻,其计算结果与详细机理计算结果吻合.相对于详细机理,简化模型节省了计算时间,为实现化学反应动力学与CFD多维模型耦合的燃烧计算提供了一个可行而有效的途径.     

An optimized airfoil geometry for vertical-axis wind turbine applications

ABSTRACT

In this work, a new airfoil shape optimized for vertical-axis wind turbine applications is proposed. Different airfoil shapes have been analyzed with JavaFoil, a panel method software. Then, the results from the analysis have been used to optimize the performance of the new airfoil shape. Afterward, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of the proposed airfoil, UO-17-LDA, are run for different angles of attack to provide insight into the flow field and the mechanisms related to this increase in performance. The UO-17-LDA airfoil presents a high lift-to-drag ratio and a delayed stall angle with respect to the original FX-63-137 airfoil, making it suitable for vertical-axis wind turbine applications. This increase in performance has been verified by comparing two VAWT designs with the original and the proposed airfoil using a double-multiple streamtube model. Finally, the practicality of JavaFoil for the comparison of different airfoil geometries has been verified, as it is capable of obtaining results for a wide number of flow conditions in small computational times and with a user-friendly interface. Nevertheless, the results diverge from the actual solution for high angles of attack (beyond stall). Hence, the time and effort required to perform CFD simulations is justified to gain insight into the actual behavior of a particular airfoil, as well as to obtain a richer analysis of the flow field and the mechanisms related to the airfoil performance.     

Performance Enhancement of a Beta Type Rhombic Drive Stirling engine

ABSTRACT

Stirling engines maintain attraction because of their high energy conversion efficiencies. In this study, experimental comparison of a beta-type Stirling engine for two different rhombic-drive mechanisms was presented. In one of the rhombic mechanisms, spur gears were used and the gear shaft was supported in bearings from one side. In the other mechanism, two helical gears were placed on crankshafts and the crankshafts were supported in bearings from both sides. Rhombus lengths of the mechanisms were determined as 66 mm and 80 mm to provide same constant compression ratio of 2.5 for both configurations. Both mechanisms were used in the same beta-type Stirling engine having same cylinder, piston and displacer dimensions. Performance parameters of the engines were evaluated at different helium charge pressures (2–4 bar) and hot-end temperatures (400–600°C). The hot-end of the displacer cylinder was heated by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner. The engine power increased by 132%, friction losses and gear noses were reduced by supporting the rhombic-drive mechanism from both side and using helical gears. The maximum output torque and power of the engine were obtained as 13.14 Nm at 428 rpm engine speed and 663 W at 800 rpm engine speed, respectively, at 600°C hot-end temperature and 4 bar charge pressure.     

涡轴发动机燃气涡轮叶片热腐蚀机理分析与改进

目的 提高航空发动机燃气涡轮工作叶片的结构完整性、安全性和可靠性。方法 以某型涡轴发动机燃气涡轮转子叶片热腐蚀案例为研究对象,详细阐述热腐蚀下燃气涡轮转子叶片的结构破坏形式,分析发生热腐蚀部位的分布规律。通过冶金分析方法,研究燃气涡轮转子叶片的热腐蚀-疲劳失效形式。结果 燃气涡轮叶片高摩擦系数的区域在高温燃气的冲刷效应以及热盐腐蚀的作用下,发生表面涂层腐蚀剥落。涂层腐蚀剥落部分的叶片合金基体受到高温燃气的氧化与侵蚀后,形成了热腐蚀坑。腐蚀坑表面的凹凸处出现应力集中,并萌生裂纹,最终引起叶片疲劳断裂。结论 探究了典型腐蚀性物质对燃气涡轮转子叶片的耐高温涂层与镍基合金基体侵蚀与氧化的化学本质,最后针对燃气涡轮转子叶片热腐蚀问题提出了改进建议,可对防范航空涡轴发动机热腐蚀问题提供有益参考。     

发动机典型寿命敏感件环境谱加速技术研究现状

对发动机寿命敏感件环境谱加速技术的研究现状进行分析。从加速环境谱的编制原则、编制方法以及当量关系的确定和验证等方面,详细介绍了加速环境谱的概念内涵。发动机的使用寿命主要受金属敏感件的腐蚀和非金属敏感件的老化制约,重点从常规加速腐蚀试验、多因素综合腐蚀试验和高温加速腐蚀试验等3个方面阐述了加速腐蚀试验方法。从液体介质老化、热氧老化、综合环境老化等方面介绍了以橡胶为代表的非金属加速老化试验方法。最后指出目前当量关系确定方法的局限性和多因素综合模拟方法研究方面的欠缺,提出应综合材料、腐蚀、力学、环境等多学科的相关理论和实践,制定更加科学合理的当量关系确定方法,以及注重新型试验设备的研发等建议。     

Efforts to Reduce Mortality to Hydroelectric Turbine-Passed Fish: Locating and Quantifying Damaging Shear Stresses

Severe fluid forces are believed to be a source of injury and mortality to fish that pass through hydroelectric turbines. A process is described by which laboratory bioassays, computational fluid dynamics models, and field studies can be integrated to evaluate the significance of fluid shear stresses that occur in a turbine. Areas containing potentially lethal shear stresses were identified near the stay vanes and wicket gates, runner, and in the draft tube of a large Kaplan turbine. However, under typical operating conditions, computational models estimated that these dangerous areas comprise less than 2% of the flow path through the modeled turbine. The predicted volumes of the damaging shear stress zones did not correlate well with observed fish mortality at a field installation of this turbine, which ranged from less than 1% to nearly 12%. Possible reasons for the poor correlation are discussed. Computational modeling is necessary to develop an understanding of the role of particular fish injury mechanisms, to compare their effects with those of other sources of injury, and to minimize the trial and error previously needed to mitigate those effects. The process we describe is being used to modify the design of hydroelectric turbines to improve fish passage survival.