协同引擎、外部环境与流域生态补偿多主体协同行为研究——以山东省大汶河流域为例

联合多方利益相关主体实施协同行为,提升多元异质性主体之间的协同性,对优化流域生态补偿机制效能至关重要。本文基于山东省大汶河流域的979份实地调研数据,运用层次回归与有调节的中介效应检验方法,实证剖析协同引擎、外部环境对流域生态补偿多主体协同行为的驱动机理。研究表明：①协同引擎对流域生态补偿多主体协同行为具有显著正向驱动作用;②协同意愿在协同引擎与协同行为之间起中介作用,协同引擎可通过强化协同意愿间接驱动协同行为;③外部环境正向调节协同意愿向协同行为的转化,政府规制与社会规范的调节作用均通过显著性检验;④有调节的中介效应检验结果显示,高水平的政府规制及社会规范影响下,协同意愿在协同引擎与协同行为之间的中介作用得到增强,但在低水平的政府规制与社会规范影响下,协同意愿的中介作用并不显著。     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

风电机舱内典型混合液态油品热诱导燃烧特性

为探究不同尺寸方形油盘对双馈异步风力发电机组机舱中典型混合油品燃烧特性的影响,自主设计和搭建了热平板诱导油品加热燃烧测定实验系统。将液压油(CALTEXRANDO HDZ32)和齿轮箱油(CALTEXMEROPA320)按1∶1质量(各40.0g)比例均匀混合后,盛装于横截面尺寸分别为6.5cm×6.5cm、10.0cm×10.0cm、13.5cm×13.5cm 的钢制油盘中,利用热平板加热和诱导盘内同样质量混合油品燃烧,利用摄像机记录其燃烧行为和阶段节点时间,利用热电偶树、温度采集模块对油品燃烧对应阶段节点液内和上方火焰中心轴温度分布进行测定。观察发现,液/齿混合油品在加热后出现液内流动、蒸发、冒泡、气化、燃烧、发烟、火焰蹿高等典型传热传质和液相燃烧现象。实验结果表明,随油盘横截面尺寸递增,混合油品着火时间依次缩短(最高1048.0s),燃烧持续时间依次递减(最高1980.0s),燃烧液内最高温度依次升高(最高564.3 ℃),中心轴第一层火焰熄灭温度依次升高(最高489.2 ℃)。小尺寸油盘内油品交流换热过程缓慢,质量损失速率较低,着火前阶段出现最大质量损失速率(0.041g/s);中大尺寸油盘内对流、传质和传热过程明显增强,质量损失速率较高,火焰蹿高节点时出现最大质量损失速率(0.25g/s和0.29g/s)     

La1-x Cex Cuy Mn1-yO3／HZSM-5催化剂低温去除柴油机碳烟和NOx

为实现对柴油机碳烟和NOx的低温同步去除,采用柠檬酸络合法制备分子筛负载钙钛矿型金属复合氧化物催化剂,应用x衍射分析仪（XRD）和电镜扫描仪（SEM）对催化剂性能进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器中对催化剂低温去除碳烟和NOx进行活性评价。利用程序升温反应（TPR）技术,进行催化剂活性评价、柴油机负荷和排放等特性实验。结果表明,A位用适量Ce部分取代La,B位用适量cu部分取代Mn,可使碳颗粒燃烧温度降低,CO2选择性好,NOx转化率升高。La0.4 Ce0.6 Cu0.2 Mn0.8O3／HZSM-5催化剂的最大NOx转化率为81．0％,Ti、Tm和Tf分别为250、350和475℃,表明该催化剂具有较好的催化活性,能在低温条件下去除碳烟和NOx。     

Analysis of methanol and organometallic MnO2 fuels as alternative fuels in a diesel engine

In this study, methanol and organometallic MnO₂ fuels were used to improve the properties of diesel fuel. In addition, the effect of methanol fuel on engine oil and a piston ring was also examined experimentally in a four-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine running at 200 bar. Three different diesel fuels were prepared by adding 5, 10 and 15% methanol to diesel fuel. In order to prevent phase separation, 1% dodecanol was added to the mixture. Organometallic compounds of manganese were synthesised to prepare the solutions. The most effective amount and performance of anti-freeze were determined. From the results, it was observed that carbon monoxide emissions decreased and NOx emissions increased with the increase in the amount of methanol. On the other hand, organometallic MnO₂ increased the cetane number and decreased the freezing point, viscosity and flame temperature.     

柴油发电机房噪声治理的优化设计及应用

目前柴油发电机房噪声的设计与治理方法没有形成固定的模式,为了解决这个问题,文章以某柴油发电机房噪声治理为例,对该噪声控制进行理论探讨、设计计算和技术优化。以此为据完成了工程,取得了良好的处理效果。并为柴油发电机房噪声控制提供了一种可供参考的方法。     

Emission and Performance Characteristics of a 2 Litre Toyota Diesel Van Operating on Esterified Waste Cooking Oil and Mineral Diesel Fuel

Exhaust emission and performance characteristics were evaluated in a Toyota van, powered by a 21 indirect injection (IDI) naturally aspirated diesel engine, operating on vegetable based waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME).Tests were performed on a chassis dynamometer and the data were compared with previous results conducted on the same vehicle using mineral diesel fuel. The data obtained includes smoke opacity, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and brake power. Engine lubricating oil samples were also taken. Results from this study indicated a difference of approximately 9% in brake power between the two fuels. WCOME developed a significant lower smoke opacity level and reduced CO, CO₂, SO₂ emissions. However, O₂, NO₂ and NO levels were higher with the vegetable oil based fuel. Power values were comparable for both fuels. Lubricating oil analysis gave little change of viscosity and wear metal concentrations after 2887km were: Silicon 35ppm, Chromium 3.3ppm, Iron 33.8ppm, Copper 14.1ppm and lead 78.6ppm.     

燃机进气冷却技术探讨

燃机进气冷却技术是一种提高燃机发电机组在高温环境下出力的关键技术,研究、实践燃机进气冷却技术具有重要意义.探讨了大气温度影响燃机出力、效率的机理,介绍了燃机进气冷却应用的发展过程,并分析对比了燃机进气冷却的主要方式及主要优缺点,可对燃机进气冷却技术的工程应用提供参考.     

发动机厂生产车间色彩配置对安全的影响剖析

随着工业的飞速发展,在现代化工厂建设中,建立较完善的劳动条件不仅取决于生产技术、卫生条件和建筑设计等多方面措施,厂房内部及设备合理的色彩修饰也起着重要的作用。科学技术的高度发展使技术与艺术相结合已成为必然趋势,设计具体车间的色彩配置立足减轻劳动强度,改善工作环境,提供科学管理车间的可能性出发,充分运用了美学、人体工程学原理及艺术造型的方法,使其在实用功能、人机关系和视觉心理上达到了充分协调。本文简要论述了发动机厂生产车间内色彩的选择与搭配的原则,同时为规范发动机厂生产车间色彩管理工作,确保车间的统一性、协调性和特殊性,运用色彩的属性对车间内饰及设备设施进行了配置,建立良好的生产秩序,创造良好的工作环境,减少疲劳,提高生产的安全性、经济性及生产率。