基于ZJU400土工离心机的CFD模拟方法

目的给出可靠的CFD模拟方法,用于土工离心机风阻功率估算,得到流场及温度场模拟结果。方法针对ZJU400中高速大型土工离心机,利用结构化网格划分使转臂及内壁面处的y+值<30,使其满足湍流模型边界层厚度要求。利用k-omega SST湍流模型和MRF多参考系方法对ZJU400土工离心机进行数值模拟,对模拟所得风阻功率、流场和温度场进行对比验证。结果模拟所得风阻功率与ZJU400实测数据偏差<10%,模拟所得流场与文献[8]中的结果吻合,温度场与实测数据吻合。结论针对ZJU400中高速大型土工离心机的CFD模拟方法取得了精度较高的模拟结果,通过仿真模拟弥补了大型土工离心机实验数据缺乏问题,减少了对实验数据的依赖,为制造设计和研究大型土工离心机提供了CFD模拟方法。     

西南水闸的改建方案对下游水体水质影响研究

西南涌属于北江下游大堤左岸的分洪河道。西南水闸重建后,通过调节西南水闸闸孔的开度,引入北江水进行河涌整治,将导致西南涌上游污染物向下游迁移,但涨潮时须关闸门,不让污染较严重的西南涌水进入北江。由于下游珠江口河水的上溯,上下游河水交汇处河水流速最小,污染物的交换能力最弱,导致污染物的最大浓度沉积。本研究将应用珠江口一维感潮河网模型,从水环境效果的角度出发,模拟分析在水环境容量较小的平、枯水期,不同的引水方案对水质的影响程度,提出最佳引水方案和河涌整治措施建议。     

基于HJ-1A卫星超光谱数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度及悬浮物浓度反演

通过对2010年5月2日太湖HJ-1A卫星超光谱影像的几何纠正和6S模型辐射校正,以及水体实测光谱数据和影像光谱数据分析,将太湖28个水体采样点光谱数据分别进行归一化处理和一阶微分处理后,选取和水质参数相关系数最大的波段或波段组合建立反演模型,获得太湖叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮物浓度的空间分布图.研究表明,超光谱影像B73波...     

A review on molecular topology: applying graph theory to drug discovery and design

Molecular topology is an application of graph theory and statistics in fields like chemistry, biology, and pharmacology, in which the molecular structure matters. Its scope is the topological characterization of molecules by means of numerical invariants, called topological indices, which are the main ingredients of the molecular topological models. These are statistical models that are instrumental in the discovery of new applications of naturally occurring molecules, as well as in the design of synthetic molecules with specific chemical, biological, or pharmacological properties. In this review, we focus on pharmacology, which is a novel field of application of molecular topology. Besides summarizing some recent developments, we also seek to bring closer this interesting biomedical application of mathematics to an interdisciplinary readership.

INTEGRATING DIFFUSEINONPOINT POLLUTION CONTROL AND WATER BODY RESTORATION INTO WATERSHED MANAGEMENT1

ABSTRACT: The objective of water quality/watershed management is attainment of water quality goals specified by the Clean Water Act. The Total Maximal Daily Load (TMDL) planning process is a tool to set up watershed management. However, TMDL methodologies and concepts have several problems, including determination of Loading Capacity for only low flow critical periods that preclude consideration of wet weather sources in water quality management. Research is needed to develop watershed pollutant loading and receiving waters Loading Capacity models that will link wet and dry weather pollution loads to the probability of the exceedence of water quality standards. The long term impact of traditional Best Management Practices as well as ponds and wetlands, must be reassessed to consider long term accumulation of conservative toxic compounds. Socioeconomic research should focus on providing information on economic and social feasibility of implementation of additional controls in water quality limited watersheds.     

水环境两相分层流数值模拟

以研究水环境两相分层流精细预报模型为目标,广泛地涉及了两相湍流精细模拟的理论和方法。用Eulerian坐标系中多流体模型统一描述两相各自的运动,并分别对两相本分的湍流输运观作以及地相间互作规律进计模拟,建立了水环境两相分层流的双流体模型对包含有浮力和密度分层的两相湍流进行了数值模拟,计算结正确地反映了分层及紊动特征,与实测结果吻合较好     

Spatial smoothing techniques for the assessment of habitat suitability

Precise knowledge about factors influencing the habitat suitability of a certain species forms the basis for the implementation of effective programs to conserve biological diversity. Such knowledge is frequently gathered from studies relating abundance data to a set of influential variables in a regression setup. In particular, generalised linear models are used to analyse binary presence/absence data or counts of a certain species at locations within an observation area. However, one of the key assumptions of generalised linear models, the independence of observations is often violated in practice since the points at which the observations are collected are spatially aligned. In this paper, we describe a general framework for semiparametric spatial generalised linear models that allows for the routine analysis of non-normal spatially aligned regression data. The approach is utilised for the analysis of a data set of synthetic bird species in beech forests, revealing that ignorance of spatial dependence actually may lead to false conclusions in a number of situations.

若尔盖亚高山草甸地上生物量与植被指数关系研究

为探讨亚高山草甸地上生物量和植被指数的关系,更好服务于草地生态建设,论文利用2008年7月覆盖若尔盖地区的TM影像,分别建立了7种植被指数（NDVI、RVI、DVI、SAVI、MSAVI、PVI、GVI）与地上生物量的线性和4种非线性（二次多项式、三次多项式、对数、幂函数）回归模型。研究结果表明植被指数（NDVI、DVI、SAVI、MSAVI、PVI、GVI）与地上生物量模型表现出三次多项式回归模型最优,再次是二次多项式模型、线性模型,相对较差的是指数模型;而基于RVI的地上生物量模型表现为指数模型最优,其次为三次多项式模型、二次多项式模型、线性模型。分析表明,基于RVI的地上生物量幂函数模型的模拟效果最好,复相关系数R²=0.817 7,精度检验结果表明该模型的平均误差为6.80%,拟合精度达93.20%,根据此模型模拟出若尔盖县草地地上生物量分布图,表明该县草地生物量东南部较高而西北部较低。     

Dynamic environ analysis of compartmental systems: A computational approach

Ecosystems are often modeled as stocks of matter or energy connected by flows. Network environ analysis (NEA) is a set of mathematical methods for using powers of matrices to trace energy and material flows through such models. NEA has revealed several interesting properties of flow–storage networks, including dominance of indirect effects and the tendency for networks to create mutually positive interactions between species. However, the applicability of NEA is greatly limited by the fact that it can only be applied to models at constant steady states. In this paper, we present a new, computationally oriented approach to environ analysis called dynamic environ approximation (DEA). As a test of DEA, we use it to compute compartment throughflow in two implementations of a model of energy flow through an oyster reef ecosystem. We use a newly derived equation to compute model throughflow and compare its output to that of DEA. We find that DEA approximates the exact results given by this equation quite closely – in this particular case, with a mean Euclidean error ranging between 0.0008 and 0.21 – which gives a sense of how closely it reproduces other NEA-related quantities that cannot be exactly computed and discuss how to reduce this error. An application to calculating indirect flows in ecosystems is also discussed and dominance of indirect effects in a nonlinear model is demonstrated.     

How might we model an ecosystem?

Predicting ecosystem effects is of crucial importance in a world at threat from natural and human-mediated change. Here we propose an ecologically defensible representation of an ecosystem that facilitates predictive modelling. The representation has its roots in the early trophic and energetic theory of ecosystem dynamics and more recent functional ecology and network theory. Using the arable ecosystem of the UK as an example, we show that the representation allows simplification from the many interacting plant and invertebrate species, typically present in arable fields, to a more tractable number of trophic-functional types. Our compound hypothesis is that “trophic-functional types of plants and invertebrates can be used to explain the structure, diversity and dynamics of arable ecosystems”. The trophic-functional types act as containers for individuals, within an individual-based model, sharing similar trophic behaviour and traits of biomass transformation. Biomass, or energy, flows between the types and this allows the key ecological properties of individual abundance and body mass, at each trophic height, to be followed through simulations. Our preliminary simulation results suggest that the model shows great promise. The simulation output for simple ecosystems, populated with realistic parameter values, is consistent with current laboratory observations and provides exciting indications that it could reproduce field scale phenomena. The model also produces output that links the individual, population and community scales, and may be analysed and tested using community, network (food web) and population dynamic theory. We show that we can include management effects, as perturbations to parameter values, for modelling the effects of change and indicating management responses to change. This model will require robust analysis, testing and validation, and we discuss how we will achieve this in the future.