圈养马麝(Moschus sifanicus)非繁殖季节行为特征及行为节律的性别间差异

采用比较研究法，分析了甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养马麝（Moschus sifanicus）的非交配季节（8—10月）行为特征的性别间差异，并探讨了行为模式的变化格局．结果表明，由于雌麝在非交配季节正处于哺乳期，育幼投资相对增加，警戒性增强，其静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的终止阈值下降；和雄麝相比，雌麝的站立凝视、静卧、摄食和反刍等行为的发生频次相对较多．育幼直接导致雌麝相互间的冲突行为频次增多，母幼间的行为联系使其亲和行为的表达频次多于雄麝．圈养马麝在非交配季节的月行为节律变化还存在性别差异，在8—9月间，雌麝表达的静卧和反刍行为的频次渐少，而由于雄麝8月后正处于泌香后期（成体）或泌香期（亚成体），因此其运动频次较少，卧息较多，摄食持续时间减少．随繁殖季节的临近，雄麝从8月到10月间的运动、尾阴探究、冲突行为、环境探究等动态行为的表达逐渐增加．图1表2参22     

土地利用变化对城郊农业区生态效益的影响——以四川省南充市高坪区为例

借鉴生态效益综合评价的有关理论和数学模型,以四川省南充市高坪区为例,选取生物多样性指数、植被覆盖指数、水土保持效益指数、土壤改良指数、涵养水源指数、拦截径流指数和湿度指数7个指标作为评价因子,建立生态效益评价体系,对该区域1996和2005年2个时期综合生态效益进行评估和比较.结果表明,该区域综合生态效益值分别为7.85和7.95,2005年比1996年略为升高;基于GIS的图层叠置、分割等分析功能,就区域土地利用变化对其内部生态效益造成的变化进行了分析,该区域可被划分为生态效益显著增强区、增强区、保持区、减弱区和显著减弱区5个等级.     

海洋微藻活体及乙醇固定状态下基因组DNA的微量提取方法

探讨了海洋微藻活体及固定状态下基因组DNA的提取方法,即作者改进的CTAB法.结果表明,CTAB改进法提取的基因组DNA蛋白质、酚、盐和小分子的污染较少,多糖成份也得到了有效去除.用5%乙醇固定样本提取DNA的效果最好,对原生动物抑制效果也较明显;10%以上的乙醇可杀死原生动物,但对DNA的降解率较大;30%以上的乙醇对细菌抑制较明显,但DNA都有较大程度的降解.本法提取的DNA可用于正常的酶切和PCR.用甲醛、甲醇/冰醋酸等其它固定液固定样品,DNA的得率低或者质量和纯度低.图7表1参27     

客土喷播-高速公路边坡绿化防护新技术

客土喷播是高速公路边坡绿化防护的一门新技术，本文以探索其生态效益、经济效益及社会效益为目的，着重阐述了客士喷播的工程技术、工艺流程、施工过程及方案，并通过试点工程试验结果，证实了该项技术的可行性和优越性．     

不同性质天然水中铜在虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鳃表的形态及对虹鳟的毒性

测定了在差异很大的4种水样(京密引水渠、北京地下水、长江南京段和汤旺河)中铜对虹鳟(Oncorhynchusmykiss)的半致死浓度,同步分析了各类水样参数和鳃铜蓄积量.用生物配位模型计算了铜在水相的形态分布和在鱼鳃表面的吸附量.研究了铜的水相形态、鳃表吸附量和鱼鳃蓄积量及毒性的关系.结果表明,铜的毒性与水相游离铜含量并无线性关系,但与鳃组织蓄积量成正比.图6参10     

西洞庭湖自然保护区鸟类资源调查

为更好地调查了解西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源，保护和维持生态平衡，2003—2005年我们对西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了观察和动态监测，共观察到和鉴定出湿地鸟类217种，隶属于15目58科．本文具体地报道了2003—2005年的鸟类资源调查和动态监测结果，鸟类资源所面临的威胁及其保护措施．     

Defence effectiveness of easy bleeding sawfly larvae towards invertebrate and avian predators

Summary. Easy bleeding is a phenomenon discovered in some tenthredinid insects which possess a particularly low mechanical resistance of the integument, leading under mechanical stress to haemolymph exudation. It has a defensive effect against ants and wasps through harmful plant compounds which are sequestered in the haemolymph. Here we describe etho-ecological and some chemical aspects of the defence of easy bleeders and specify the range of predators to which easy bleeding might be effective. Beside a high haemolymph deterrence associated with low integument resistance across sawfly species, we also detected toxicity of the haemolymph of some species to workers of the ant Myrmica rubra. The behaviour of easy bleeders is to move slowly and, once disturbed, to become motionless, thereby probably impeding the tendency of a predator to attack. This behaviour had no beneficial effect for easy bleeders when attacked by the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris. Bugs could successfully and without harm prey on sawfly larvae without evoking easy bleeding. For the easy bleeder Athalia rosae, host plants with different secondary metabolite profiles, and, consequently, changes in haemolymph chemistry only slightly affected the feeding behaviour of the bugs. To test the effectiveness of easy bleeding towards a vertebrate predator, easy bleeders were offered to birds, Sturnus vulgaris. The body colouration of the sawfly larvae was of prime importance in determining the predators response when testing birds in a group. It is likely that easy bleeding is a defence strategy directed primarily towards foraging insects with biting-chewing mandibles and that it is much less active towards predatory insects with piercing-sucking mandibles as well as birds. The involvement of chemical and/or physical cues in the strategy is discussed with respect to these types of predators.     

福建省“尤德地体”的成矿特征和找矿远景

“尤德地体”位于闽中裂谷带南端 ,与紫金山金矿处于同一成矿带。在“尤德地体”中 ,目前已发现元古界麻源群变质岩和侏罗系长林组、南园组 ,火山岩中均存在韧性剪切带型矿床和热液交代充填矿床。区域构造、地层含矿性、物化探重砂异常等表明其找矿前景很好。找矿工作重点应紧扣层控矿床 ,大断裂带 ,斑岩型金矿和红土型金矿     

新单塔污水汽提装置运行综述

介绍新增单塔污水汽提装置的必要性，对装置的工艺流程进行了说明，并在此基础上对该装置运行的工艺指标和产品质量控制指标对比分析，提出了存在的问题。     

Prenatal diagnosis of the derivative chromosome 22 associated with cat eye syndrome by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Cytogenetic studies of cultured amniocytes demonstrated a karyotype of 46, XX/47, XX,+mar. A bisatellited, dicentric, distamycin-DAPI negative, NOR-positive marker was present in 76 per cent of the metaphases examined. Similar markers have been associated with cat eye syndrome (CES). We report on the utilization of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 14/22 a-satellite probe and a chromosome 22-specific cosmid for locus D22S9 to determine the origin of the prenatally detected supernumerary marker chromosome. FISH studies demonstrated that the marker is a derivative of chromosome 22 and enabled us to provide the family with additional prognostic information.