岩石变形破裂过程中电荷感应信号的检测

设计了采用非接触方式、高放大倍数、高效率的电荷传感器,并给出了电荷传感器的设计原理和技术指标。利用研制的电荷传感器对岩石变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应信号进行了检测试验。结果表明,岩石在变形破裂过程中会产生电荷感应信号,并能够被研制的电荷传感器检测到;电荷感应信号是瞬时脉冲的;随着加载应力水平的增加,电荷感应信号强度增强,在峰值应力前,电荷感应信号强度达到最大值;在破裂面接收到的电荷感应信号较强,主破裂面接收到的信号最强,因而电荷的产生和岩石的破裂有很大的关系。作为正在探索的检测岩石破坏过程的手段之一,电荷感应方法应是一种很具潜力的方法,值得深入研究。     

企业安全生产主体责任制度实施方法

落实企业安全生产主体责任制度是保障安全生产的重要手段。在调研分析我国安全生产主体责任制度实施现状的基础上,创建了一种基于PDCA循环模式的企业安全生产主体责任制度实施方法。从建立良好责任制度、制度实施、实施效果检查、改进等四个主要环节,层层接替、层层分解,不断落实企业安全生产主体责任,不断提高企业安全生产管理水平,建立企业安全生产主体责任实施的内部环境和外部环境,能够为企业和政府落实企业安全生产主体责任制度提供参考。     

非等值冒落采空区“三带”考察及其模拟验证

为提高高位裂隙钻孔抽采采空区瓦斯的效果,必须掌握采空区"三带"特征。在理论分析的基础上,现场考察黄陵2号煤矿107工作面冒落带分布,结果表明:冒落带呈拱形分布,并且沿采空区横向对称,最大冒落高度为19 m。通过Fluent数值模拟方法,得出采空区瓦斯抽采的最佳区域,验证了现场考察冒落带非等值高度的正确性。这表明,在分析采空区"三带"特征时,应考虑冒落高度的非等值性,进而通过理论分析、现场考察、数值模拟等手段得出采空区抽采的最佳区域。     

黑龙江省公路雪冰基本特征与灾害防治对策

黑龙江省冬季降雪不多,但在寒冷和强风条件下,容易产生风吹雪,使某些地点形成较深的积雪,阻塞交通.风吹堆积下的积雪在低温下形成密实坚硬的硬深霜.涎流冰是冬季影响山区交通的另一个主要因素,它的各个部位呈现出间歇性增厚的特征,是涌出水在各处反复交替流动、冻结的结果.随着经济发展,交通流量增加,正常降雪将会产生越来越大的影响和危害,必须给予足够的重视.因此,在雪冰减灾战略对策上,应逐步推广使用防滑汽车轮胎,建立较为完善的公路雪冰清除服务体系,并辅以必要的工程措施.     

Study on Sustainable Development in Vulnerable Eco-areas

The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment---economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.     

Analysis of the Difference of the Basic Pension by Regions

Nowadays, the disparity of the basic pension in local regions of China can be described as follows: the low level of the unification of the basic pension systems, the large disparity of the level of the basic pension, and unfairness of the enterprises’ payment for the basic pension in different local regions in China. These have already brought many negative influences, which have greatly held back the development of the society and national economy. We should build the basic pension system in all local regions of China as a whole, which can cover all people and decrease the disparity in different local regions in China.     

安徽繁昌滑坡群形成机理及稳定性分析

安徽繁昌滑坡群为沿江高速公路施工诱发的工程滑坡,滑坡群形成主要受区域地质构造背景、物质组成、地形地貌、结构面特征、岩体风化程度等诸多地质环境条件控制,作为大型土质堆积体滑坡群在长江沿江丘陵地区比较少见,就其成因背景、形成机理及稳定性进行论证分析,并对其进行分级分区,有针对性的提出了该滑坡群的治理方案。     

对城镇清洁区与污灌区蔬菜基地环境现状的调查研究

通过对昌吉州三工镇和榆树沟镇、米泉市古牧地镇和柏杨河乡种植区土壤、空气质量、灌溉水的监测分析与调查研究,对比清洁区蔬菜基地与污灌区蔬菜基地环境现状,探讨了灌溉用水对蔬菜质量的影响,提出切实可行的防治措施.     

How Well Does Brazil's Environmental Law Work in Practice? Environmental Impact Assessment and the Case of the Itapiranga Private Sustainable Logging Plan

/ The Itapiranga Sustainable Logging Plan provides an example of how Brazil's licensing system functions for logging companies in the state of Amazonas. Two questions need to be dealt with: "How sustainable can logging in the Amazon be?" and "What and how effective are existing legal mechanisms to deal with logging projects?" The environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental impact statement (EIS, known as the RIMA in Brazil), present relatively detailed accounts of biodiversity and the need to adopt conservation strategies to protect it. However, social and health impacts are only superficially addressed. The economic sustainability of the operation over multiple cycles is not demonstrated. The multidisciplinary teams responsible for the EIA and EIS (RIMA) reports are hired by the project proponent, an arrangement inherently carrying the risk of biasing the result. Logging reduces biodiversity, releases greenhouse gases and inflicts social and health costs. These impacts reduce the ability of Amazonian forests to provide environmental services and to supply food and livelihood security to local populations. The reports inflate positive effects such as employment: the estimated number of jobs was cut by more than half in a revision made after the EIA and EIS (RIMA) had been approved. Not only do the reports need to be more realistic in assessing both positive and negative consequences of proposed projects, but better means are needed to ensure that promised mitigatory measures are enforced in practice. Many of the lessons that can be drawn from the Itapiranga Plan are not unique to logging projects and apply to licensing of development activites generally in Brazil and elsewhere.     

HIV risk and prevention in emergency-affected populations: a review

While basic guidelines on HIV prevention in emergencies have been available for several years, international agencies involved in the provision of health services have not placed sufficient priority on the prevention of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in complex emergencies. This paper reviews the factors that may increase the risk of HIV transmission in populations affected by complex emergencies and outlines recommendations for research and programmes. Research into the most appropriate methods of carrying out HIV surveillance and interventions in these settings is needed. In the post-emergency phase programmes need to be far more extensive than those offered under the Minimal Initial Services Package (MISP). While the potential for stigmatization represents an important constraint, there is a need to prioritize HIV/STI interventions in order to prevent HIV transmission in emergency-affected populations themselves, as well as to contribute to regional control of the epidemic.