基于改进VIKOR的黄姜皂素生产工艺评价

为了对黄姜皂素产业主要生产工艺进行综合分析,找出最优生产工艺,建立了基于博弈论组合赋权的多准则妥协解排序(VIKOR)黄姜皂素生产工艺评价模型.首先,利用熵值法对原始数据进行分析,确定各评估准则的客观权重;然后,通过博弈论模型对主客观权重进行科学化组合,得到综合权重;最后,将该模型运用在黄姜皂素产业主要生产工艺的评价上,得到了4种生产工艺的综合排序.研究结果表明:博弈论组合赋权的VIKOR模型对4种生产工艺的评估结果与利用其他评估模型所得结果一致,该模型能全面考虑各项评估准则及评估对象与最优工艺和最劣工艺的关系,评估过程更为科学、完整;同时,其计算过程简洁,提高了评估效率.     

根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿修复钼污染土壤的强化作用研究

采用温室盆栽试验方法,通过设置4个处理组(M:紫花苜蓿; R_1:根瘤菌(土壤质量的4%); MR_1:根瘤菌R_1+紫花苜蓿; MR_2:根瘤菌R_2(土壤质量的10%)+紫花苜蓿)和一个土壤对照组(CK)对比研究了根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿富集土壤中钼(Mo)的强化作用.结果表明, Mo污染下(500 mg·kg~(-1))根瘤菌促进了紫花苜蓿的生长及其钼富集能力,土壤钼转运系数(TA)和富集因子(BCF)与对照组相比分别提高了30.54%～38.94%及17.45%～19.16%.与对照组相比,各处理组均降低了土壤中钼的含量(0.23%～2.35%),其中根瘤菌紫花苜蓿组合系统修复后的土壤中.钼剩余含量较对照组降低了1.89%～2.35%.根瘤菌一方面促进了重金属钼由水溶态向中间过渡态的转变(0.07%～0.43%),有利于紫花苜蓿对钼的生物富集,同时增大了土壤残渣态钼的比例(0.06%～1.60%),降低了钼对紫花苜蓿的生物毒性.各处理组均提高了钼胁迫下土壤微生物的数量,增强了土壤酶活性.根瘤菌与紫花苜蓿组合修复系统不仅能有效降低土壤重金属钼含量,而且还可以促进土壤微生物生态功能的多样性.因此,该修复技术在重金属钼污染土壤修复工程中具有一定的应用潜力.     

三相生物流化床膨胀特性方程的研究

研究建立了描写三相生物流化床床层膨胀特性的经验关联式．当已知床内表观液速、表观气速和载体上生物膜厚度时,能比较准确地预测床层膨胀高度,为设计提供依据．与以往不同的是,本研究通过等效函数的设置和求解,用一个方程将两相床和三相床的膨胀特性描述出来．该方程能反映三相床低气速下的床层收缩行为,在气速为零时可还原为两相床．试验用反应器直径１．４ｍ,高６．５ｍ,载体为０．３—０．５ｍｍ的石英砂,射流曝气体内充氧．４种生物膜厚：５２,８０,１１５,１３７μｍ．试验用生活污水ＢＯＤ５４７．６—７７．２ｍｇ／Ｌ．     

非膜技术处理生物稳定渗滤液的效果及成本

以经厌氧-好氧处理的生物稳定渗滤液为研究对象,分别比较了其经活性炭吸附、混凝、芬顿和电解处理后的溶解性有机碳(DOC)、COD、溶解性氮(DN)和比紫外吸光度(SUV254)的变化,及去除单位COD的成本变化.研究发现,活性炭吸附、芬顿和混凝对生物稳定渗滤液的COD、DOC和DN的去除效率均随药剂投加量的增加而提高;包...     

Hydrogen explosion incident mitigation in steam reforming units through enhanced inspection and forecasting corrosion tools implementation

Hydrogen (H₂) explosion effects recently examined, are confirming the devastating loss scenarios to humans, environment, assets, and associated business interruption. H₂ production is a core process in refineries used in further process steps. Steam reforming of natural gas or a mix with naphtha or LPG is a common hydrogen production technique, where the latest technologies have adopted enhanced metallurgies to minimize explosion risk and the associated maintenance cost following plant degradation owing to corrosion effects. However, corrosion rates are still high in specific areas of piping and process equipment. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology based on semi-quantitative RBI modeling according to regulations by API and recent EN standards, adopting a family of linear regression forecasting models that depict the yearly corrosion rate (per corrosion loop) of a hydrogen production steam reforming unit; this is done under different operating conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and fluid speed), metallurgy and other related physicochemical variables. The model is based on the examination of both ultrasonic wall thinning measurements and the examination of quantitative crosslinking total corrosion effects along with the physicochemical properties prevailing in different plant corrosion loops. The outcome of the regression analysis is an expansive family of multivariable equations describing, with a defined accuracy, the yearly corrosion rate and associated lifespan forecast per corrosion loop, and per examined part. These equations were further utilized in a custom-made database that can be used as an additional loss prevention tool by the hydrogen production unit management team. Evaluation results regarding the tool efficiency are presented in the following of this paper.     

镁基稳定剂协同硅酸盐固化/稳定化处置铅污染土壤研究

采用镁基稳定剂协同硅酸盐固化/稳定化处置重金属污染土壤,以铅浸出浓度和药剂处理成本为综合指标确定稳定剂和固化剂的最优配比,并对处置机制及影响因素等探讨,为后期同类型的重金属污染土壤修复提供技术支持。研究结果表明,按照稳定剂添加比例2.5%与固化剂添加比例3%的最优配比处置后,土体重金属铅降低99.8%,可达到铅浸出修复目标值50μg/L的要求。     

环保制度改革下网格化环境监管发展对策建议

以环境监测监察执法垂直管理制度、镇域综合执法改革、排污许可证"一证式"管理为例,简述环保制度改革要求及各项制度可能对网格化监管产生的影响,结合江苏省各地网格化监管调研情况,分析网格化监管与制度改革的关系,提出网格化环境监管与各项制度未来协同发展的对策建议。     

二维气相色谱法测定空气中的总烃及非甲烷总烃

采用单一进样口六通阀进样、毛细管柱二维气相色谱仪三通路分离塔柱分离系统、采用氢离子化检测器分别产生信号,测定环境空气中的非甲烷总烃。通过柱分离系统将样品平均分配到不同类型的两个毛细管色谱柱,分别测定总烃及甲烷。方法简单、快速,最大程度地保证了进样的一致性,从而保证了分析结果的准确性。     

Forecasting Resilience in Arctic Societies: Creating Tools for Assessing Social–Hydrological Systems1

Altaweel, Mark R., Lilian N. Alessa, and Andrew D. Kliskey, 2009. Forecasting Resilience in Arctic Societies: Creating Tools for Assessing Social–Hydrological Systems. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1379‐1389. Abstract: Arctic communities are increasingly faced with social–ecological changes that act at variable speeds and spatial scales. Such changes will affect vital resources, particularly water supplies. Currently, there are few computational tools that integrate multiple social and environmental processes in order to aid communities’ adaptation to change through decision support systems. This paper proposes a modeling and simulation approach that can integrate such processes at different spatiotemporal scales in order to address issues affecting community water supplies. In this paper, a modeling and simulation tool is developed and applied to a case study on the Seward Peninsula. Initial results, using both field observations and computation, show projected patterns of water use, perceptions of water availability, and long‐term consumption trends. More broadly, the paper demonstrates the need for developing tools that address issues at the community level for better understanding human and hydrological interactions and policy decisions affecting water supplies.     

Metals pollution and human bioaccessibility of topsoils in Grugliasco (Italy)

Polluted soils can present a significant health risk especially in an urban environment. Most current legislation and health risk frameworks are based on pseudototal metal content. However, only a fraction of these concentrations is available for plant and human uptake. The aim of this work was to study the diffuse metal contamination in the soils of a municipality in Northern Italy in terms of: (i) metal availability, and (ii) metal accessibility to the human body and its relationship to soil properties, considering lead, copper, zinc, nickel, and chromium. Soil metal content was measured simulating availability conditions. Human bioaccessibility was derived from a modified physiologically-based extraction test. The human bioaccessible content was then estimated taking into account the relationships between pseudototal content and selected soil parameters. For the case study, the prediction of human bioaccessibility based on pseudototal content, organic matter and soil texture produced statistically significant models, with r² = 0.60 for Cu, r² = 0.53 for Pb and r² = 0.42 for Zn.