废啤酒酵母泥吸附活性黑31的机理研究

探讨了废啤酒酵母泥吸附水中活性黑31的平衡、动力学规律,利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了废啤酒酵母泥及活性黑31的吸附官能团间的相互作用.结果表明,废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附容易进行;20min前吸附速度都较快,2h后吸附都达到平衡;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附等温曲线符合Freund...     

In vitro thyroid disrupting e ects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the e uents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal e ciencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated e ects in di erent treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 10??8 to 6.19 10??7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 10??8 to 8.75 10??8 mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP, and 4.80 10??9 to 2.55 10??8 mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse e ects on the exposed organisms.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.     

利用唐鱼雌激素受体构建环境雌激素重组酵母测评系统的研究

利用唐鱼雌激素受体基因片段构建重组酵母,用以筛选环境雌激素类化学物质.实验先将唐鱼雌激素受体terα基因片段插入载体pGADT7中构建表达质粒p GADT7/TERα,同时将雌激素效应元件(ere)片段插入pMP206载体中构建报告质粒pMP206/ERE-Lac Z;然后把表达质粒和报告质粒共转化到酵母AH109中,经筛选成功构建了由唐鱼雌激素受体调控的表达lac Z基因的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE.结果表明,所构建的重组酵母AHpTERα/ERE在不同浓度17β-雌二醇(E2)的诱导下,β-半乳糖苷酶的活性呈现出明显的剂量-效应关系,其EC50为(0.521±0.700)nmol·L-1.与DMSO对照组相比,重组酵母在17β-雌二醇诱导下有明显的β-半乳糖苷酶活性增强的现象.在不同浓度17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、壬基酚(NP)及其混合物、双酚A(BPA)、17β-雌二醇(E2)(阳性对照)的诱导下,重组酵母均呈现出剂量-效应关系,且灵敏度大小为E2EE2NPBPA.结果表明,本研究成功构建了重组基因酵母测评系统,初步判定该重组酵母可应用于环境雌激素的筛选.     

以酵母菌作为敏感材料的BOD生物传感器研究

以一株耐高渗透压的酵母菌种作为敏感材料 ,研制的的生物传感器可采用稳态呼吸速率法进行 BOD快速测定。该方法与广为采用的五天生化需氧量标准稀释测定法有良好的相关性 ,线性范围为 0～ 2 0 0 mg/ L,可在 1 5 min内完成一个样品 BOD的测定。测定结果具有良好的重现性和准确度 ,标准曲线的线性相关系数达到 0 .9987     

用于废水处理系统中目标酵母动态解析的绿色荧光蛋白基因质粒构建

绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)可用于研究复合微生物体系中特定目标功能菌的特性及动态变化,本研究为确立用于解析酵母细胞在混合酵母废水处理系统中的动态特性的GFP技术体系奠定了基础.将gfp基因克隆到酵母载体pACT-URA3中,再用构建的重组质粒转化宿主菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JMl09),扩增得到含gfp的重组质粒,荧光显微镜照片显示gfp基因在大肠杆菌内得到了表达,但表达程度不高;电泳图谱及聚合酶链反应结果表明,含gfp基因的质粒不是以游离的形式存在,而可能是以某种特殊的形式和细胞染色体发生了相互作用.     

酵母废水生物处理技术研究进展

文章总结了酵母废水厌氧、厌氧-好氧、厌氧-好氧-兼氧反硝化等生物处理工艺的研究现状及进展,并介绍了酵母废水厌氧处理的菌种筛选、复合微生物技术等能改善其生物处理效果的研究,阐述了生物处理酵母废水存在的问题及发展趋势。     

有效微生物群(EM)中抑藻酵母及其活性物质特性

采用选择性培养基从有效微生物群(EM)中富集出酵母菌,通过向对数增长期的混合藻液中加入酵母菌、葡萄糖、酵母菌+葡萄糖、经酵母菌发酵除菌后的葡萄糖溶液分别考察了其对水华藻的抑制效应.结果表明,混合酵母菌自身对于水华藻没有抑制作用,单独添加葡萄糖的水华藻甚至出现快速增殖;而在添加葡萄糖+酵母菌或酵母菌发酵液的实验中水华藻近似被完全抑制,最大抑制率达97%.据此可知,抑制水华藻增殖的并非酵母菌自身,而是具有高热稳定性的胞外分泌物.HPLC-SEC与三维荧光光谱分析表明,酵母菌发酵液中含有明显的芳环类羧酸及蛋白质物质,但由于其在高温灭菌后仍有良好的抑藻活性,因而进一步确定其抑藻活性物质为含苯环的有机酸.此外,依据对实验中水华藻细胞形态的显微镜观察,该酸性胞外物可能是通过破坏藻细胞的叶绿体结构来达到抑藻效果的.     

镉、汞、锌3种重金属的雌激素样作用（Estrogenic Activity of Cadmium, Mercury, and Zinc）

为探讨镉、汞、锌3种重金属的雌激素样作用,采用双杂交酵母法测定了醋酸镉、氯化汞、醋酸锌单独作用时对重组基因酵母β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性的EC50值.实验结果表明,醋酸镉浓度为1.0×10-5mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-7~10-2mol·L-1),氯化汞浓度为5.0×10-7mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-9~10-5mol·L-1),醋酸锌浓度为1.0×10-4mol·L-(1实验浓度范围10-9~10-2mol·L-1)时对酵母β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性最大,分别达到1.3、0.95和1.1U.不能求出镉、汞、锌单独作用时对β-半乳糖苷酶诱导活性的EC50值.一味计算EC50值不仅难以评价重金属的雌激素活性,而且限制重组受体基因酵母法的普遍运用.一些重金属通过MCF-7细胞法(E-screen)呈阳性,通过重组hERα酵母法YES检测呈阴性,有可能是重金属通过与ERβ作用而产生效应.若构建出含ERβ基因的双杂交酵母菌株,与现有的方法互补将能完善环境雌激素的体外测评系统.     

长江(南京段)环境雌激素的污染特征

利用固相萃取技术和重组基因酵母检测了长江(南京段)四个典型断面环境雌激素污染状况.结果表明,除秦淮新河断面外,江心洲断面、三汊河断面和大桥断面均有环境雌激素的检出,雌二醇当量分别为0.38、0.24和0.45 ng·L~(-1).与国内外地表水环境雌激素检测结果相比,长江(南京段)典型断面雌激素活性水平为较低至中等.对江心洲断面和大桥断面,甲醇洗脱组分的雌激素活性最大,其次为丙酮洗脱组分,二氯甲烷洗脱组分的雌激素活性最小;对三汊河断面,丙酮洗脱组分的雌激素活性最大,其次为二氯甲烷洗脱组分,甲醇洗脱组分的雌激素活性最小.这可能是污水来源不同所致,生活污水导致大量极性雌激素污染物的输入,而工业污水则主要引入了中等至弱极性雌激素污染物.三个雌激素活性阳性检出断面主要活性洗脱组分的雌激素活性均大于混合样的雌激素活性,这可能是由于样品混合后各种结构上不同的污染物之间的交互作用掩盖了实际的雌激素活性.