基于多主体仿真的重点城区脏弹袭击风险分析

为研究"脏弹"恐怖袭击风险演化过程中的影响因素,针对重点城区"脏弹"恐怖袭击的预防需求,建立包含恐怖组织、防御力量及承灾载体的多主体仿真模型,通过实例分析恐怖组织在不同情景下的袭击成功概率,研究巡逻盘查、便衣侦查、安检等预防手段的风险补偿能力.结果表明:以室外人群为袭击目标时,袭击成功概率与袭击者对人员伤亡的预期值高度...     

台风“妮妲”过程对广州臭氧浓度的影响分析

为研究台风天气系统对广州地区臭氧浓度的影响,选取2016年7月27日—8月2日台风"妮妲"过程,结合气象要素资料和空气质量数据进行了分析.结果表明:①7月27日—8月2日台风过程期间,7月27—29日和8月1—2日空气质量未超标,7月30日和31日分别达到轻度污染和中度污染,首要污染物均为O_3,其中,31日O_3小时浓度峰值达293μg·m~(-3),O_3_8 h (8 h滑动平均)浓度达249μg·m~(-3),期间PM_(2.5)及前体物NO_2和CO浓度也略有升高,但总体升幅不大,都在良范围内.②台风过程期间,O_3浓度与温度、风速呈正相关(p0.01),与气压、相对湿度呈负相关(p0.01).高温低湿、风速1.0～2.0 m·s~(-1)、气压低有利于大气光化学反应,容易导致O_3浓度超标.③受台风外围下沉气流影响,大气存在垂直输送;同时混合层顶低,30日和31日混合层高度白天最高在1300 m以下,夜间在200 m左右,最低不足60 m;同时,2 km高度内均有持续逆温存在,逆温高度主要在700 m以下.地面处于均压场,同时存在逆温,大气层结稳定,使得污染物在近地层堆积不易扩散,导致O_3浓度超标.     

Evaluating and expanding the European Union's protected-area network toward potential post-2020 coverage targets

The Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) strategic plan will expire in 2020, but biodiversity loss is ongoing. Scientists call for more ambitious targets in the next agreement. The nature-needs-half movement, for example, has advocated conserving half of Earth to solve the biodiversity crisis, which has been translated to protecting 50% of each ecoregion. We evaluated current protection levels of ecoregions in the territory of one of the CBD's signatories, the European Union (EU). We also explored the possible enlargement of the Natura 2000 network to implement 30% or 50% ecoregion coverage in the EU member states’ protected area (PA) network. Based on the most recent land-use data, we examined whether ecoregions have enough natural area left to reach such high coverage targets. We used a spatially explicit mixed integer programing model to estimate the least-cost expansion of the PA network based on 3 scenarios that put different emphasis on total conservation cost, ecological representation of ecosystems, or emphasize an equal share of the burden among member states. To realize 30% and 50% ecoregion coverage, the EU would need to add 6.6% and 24.2%, respectively, of its terrestrial area to its PA network. For all 3 scenarios, the EU would need to designate most recommended new PAs in seminatural forests and other semi- or natural ecosystems. Because 15 ecoregions did not have enough natural area left to implement the ecoregion-coverage targets, some member states would also need to establish new PAs on productive land, allocating the largest share to arable land. Thirty percent ecoregion coverage was met by protecting remaining natural areas in all ecoregions except 3, where productive land would also need to be included. Our results support discussions of higher ecoregions protection targets for post-2020 biodiversity frameworks.     

舰船防避热带气旋费效比优化决策模型研究

目的针对目前根据天气预报进行防台避台的决策缺乏定量模型,定性根据天气预报结果进行防、避台风往往会造成巨大的不必要的浪费的现象,为科学合理地利用天气预报进行防、避台风提供有效工具。方法对防避费用和损失费用进行比较评估。结果给出了舰船防避热带气旋费效比优化决策模型,并进行了数据分析。结论防避热带气旋应该考虑天气不确定性因素。     

Reviews

Alex de Waal Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa Keith Smith Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster Kenneth Hewitt Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters John Seaman The Public Health Consequences of Disasters John Prendergast Frontline Diplomacy. Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa John Prendergast Crisis Response. Humanitarian Band-Aids in Sudan and Somalia Christopher Hood and David K.C. Jones Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates on Risk Management D. Hulme and M. Edwards NGOs, States and Donors. Too Close for Comfort? James C. Hathaway Reconceiving International Refugee Law Rhona Flin Sitting in the Hot Seat Donald Meichenbaum On Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Handbook and Practice Manual for Therapy R. Scarpa and R.I. Tilling Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards Hanna Schmuck-Widmann Living with Floods: Survival Strategies of Char-dwellers in Bangladesh     

山东沿海的9216号台风暴潮灾害

在１９９２年第１６号强热带风暴和天文大潮的作用下，山东沿海发生了特大风暴潮灾害，直接经济损失４３．５亿元，死亡７６人；砂质海岸遭受强烈侵蚀，损失土地约１４５．３ｈａ。     

台风对我国农业的影响及防御对策

由于所处的独特和复杂的地理环境,我国是一个自然灾害多发的国家,其中台风灾害是主要的自然灾害之一。从台风对我国农业生产利弊的两方断进行了分析,在弊端方面,分析了从1950年至今台风造成的农作物受灾情况、引发的病虫害和导致的农田耕地污染;在有利方面,分析了台风带来的降水对旱情的缓解作用。最后,针对我国农业生产的特点以及台风自身的规律和特征,提出了“防御先行,防抗结合”的农业防台风策略。     

硝酸盐电子受体反硝化同时除磷试验分析

经研究发现AAA SBR系统中的活性污泥可以利用硝酸盐作为电子受体进行缺氧吸磷并同时发生反硝化脱氮。试验利用“双泥”系统进一步探讨了污水生物反硝化同时除磷的可能性,结果表明 :“双泥”系统的“双重”吸磷以及内碳源反硝化除磷方式可以使生物处理出水磷酸盐浓度趋近于零,TP≤ 0 2 3mg L、NH3 N≤ 0 5mg L、TN≤ 8mg L、CODCr≤2 5mg L。     

Dams and Flows: Immersing in Western Meaning Systems in Search of Ecocultural Reflexivity

In this unprecedented era of anthropogenic ecological destruction, this study illustrates inadequacies in conceptual language available in Western settings to think deeply and holistically about “nature.” At the same time, the study illustrates transformative potential of moments of ecocultural reflexivity. Using free write methodology, we examine ways participants in the United States, New Zealand, and Australia articulate what they mean when they say “nature.” We interpret participant streams of consciousness as representative of a wider Western river-way, a channel of dominant, multiple, and contradictory meanings in continuous movement. We identify conceptual obstructions that provide glimpses into ways Western ecological relations are bounded and dammed by binary, fragmented, and unconsidered meanings. Yet reflexivity in the face of such obstructions, and in potent ecocultural side streams of childhood remembering and ecocentric cosmology, provides some participants a lucid flow of regenerative narratives at a time such shared stories are urgently needed.     

基于电网防台抗台系统的应急主题数据仓库分析与设计

为解决电网防台抗台过程中缺少应急辅助支持的问题,提出基于现有电网防台抗台系统中的业务数据,采用星型结构分析与设计“台风气象灾情”、“电网因灾（台风）损失”、“电网因灾（台风）应急资源投入”等应急主题数据仓库,充分利用、开发相关的数据探查与ETL工具实现相关的数据集成,构建相关应急主题下的多维数据模型,并开展联机分析处理（OLAP）研究工作,为相关企业和部门开展电网应急管理工作提供应急辅助支持。