曲靖市排污收费工作实践及存在的问题

结合实际，分析了基层排污收费工作存在的问题，并提出了几点可行性建议。     

上海市市区、郊区NO2、SO2和PM10的时空变化规律及相关性分析

在对上海市嘉定区大气污染物SO2、NOx和PM10连续1年的观测基础上，结合上海环境状况公报的数据，探讨了市区、郊区大气污染物的空间和时间变化规律。结果表明，2005年中NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度在市区和郊区均是冬春两季高，夏秋两季低；NO2、SO2和PM10浓度在市区要高于郊区；郊区大气污染物的月变化幅度要比市区大，市区PM10污染有增加趋势。根据气象条件分析，嘉定区周边工业污染对NO2、SO2和PM10的浓度有贡献，市区NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度则与机动车尾气、工业燃煤，建筑扬尘和道路扬尘等诸多因素有关。相关性分析表明，上海市NO2、SO2和PM10相互之间存在比较强的相关性。     

黄、东海污染物越界通量的估算研究

对黄、东海污染物越界通量估算方法进行了研究。黄、东海污染物SPM、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的越界通量估算值分别为82 1742 75± 10 0 70 3 0 0 4kg/h、5 883 31± 5 35 5 47kg/h、5 6 3 2 5± 45 2 2 2kg/h、17895 93± 15 6 96 45kg/h、1113 45± 85 0 0 8kg/h、35 32± 37 93kg/h。     

7A04和2A97在典型气候环境中的性能演变规律研究

目的 研究湿热海洋、湿热雨林、暖湿酸雨典型气候环境对7A04和2A97铝合金性能的影响.方法 通过对7A04和2A97铝合金试样进行户外暴露试验,结合外观形貌观察、力学性能检测、化学成分分析等手段,研究7A04和2A97在典型气候环境中的性能演变规律.结果 对于7A04铝合金,经过2 a的湿热海洋气候环境试验后,表面出现均匀腐蚀,抗拉强度、伸长率下降,硬度无变化;经过2 a的湿热雨林气候环境试验后,外观形貌、抗拉强度、硬度无变化,伸长率下降;经过2 a的暖湿酸雨气候环境试验后,表面出现点蚀,抗拉强度、硬度无变化,伸长率下降.对于2A97铝合金,经过2 a的湿热海洋气候环境试验后,表面由点蚀发展为局部腐蚀,抗拉强度、伸长率下降,硬度无变化;经过2 a的湿热雨林气候环境试验后,外观形貌、抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度无变化;经过2 a的暖湿酸雨环境试验后,外观形貌、硬度无变化,抗拉强度、伸长率下降.结论 湿热海洋和暖湿酸雨气候环境对7A04和2A97易造成腐蚀,而湿热雨林气候环境对7A04和2A97不易造成腐蚀,2A97的耐蚀性优于7A04.     

A high-order splitting scheme for the advection-diffusion equation of pollutants

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水体有机污染生物监测的研究进展

文章综述了有机污染物对环境污染的现状和对人类造成的危害,以及利用生物对水体中有机污染物(特别是持久性有机污染物)进行监测的研究现状,并展望了生物监测技术的发展前景.     

电化学催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

电化学法催化降解废水中的有机污染物已引起广泛兴趣。在电极的作用下 ,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合 ,可导致有机分子的电催化降解。选用合适的电极材料可以加速电化学反应速率 ,有助于有机物的电化学转化。本文讨论了提高电催化降解速率的方法 ,指出了在该领域的研究中存在的问题和发展方向     

Formation and emission of chloroanisoles as indoor pollutants

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Complaints by residents of frame-houses about musty odour in the houses has become an increasing problem within the last years. An additional problem is that the odour is transferred to clothes and skin. The persons themselves do not recognize the smell after a while because of adaptation. Serious social problems are the result. For a long time, the smell was explained to be from mould due to construction-based humidity problems. However, in an increasing number of houses, no indications were found for elevated levels of mould growth. METHODS: Air and material samples were taken from 5 houses, which show typical musty odours, and analysed with respect to chlorophenols and chloroanisoles. Additionally, some samples were analysed for lindane and its metabolites, because lindane was commonly used together with pentachlorophenol (PCP) for wood protection. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Meticulous analysis resulted in the identification of chloroanisoles, mainly 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisole. These substances are known from corky wines and from contamination of food from pentachlorophenol (PCP) treated pallets and result from microbiological metabolic processes. Pentachlorophenol was commonly used to protect wood from fungi in Germany mainly in the later 60s and 70s. Details of these processes, as well as effective methods to identify chloroanisoles in the problem houses, are described. CONCLUSIONS: Chloroanisoles formed by metabolism of PCP have been well known to contaminate food or wine. Here, they were identified and are probably responsible for the musty odours in the frame houses. Since it is quite clear that these substances were not components of building materials used in the houses, an explanation for chloroanisole formation is proposed. Localized dampness probably favours microbial growth associated with metabolic conversion of chlorophenols to the corresponding chloroanisoles, primarily 2,3,4,6-tetrachloroanisol, which spread throughout the buildings, resulting in the observed odours. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The group of chloroanisoles has been recognized as important indoor pollutants as they possess musty odours at extremely low concentrations, e.g. for 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in a range of 5-10 ppt in air (Staples 2000). On the basis of currently available toxicological data, exposure of the occupants to the concentrations of chloroanisoles measured is not associated with a health risk. No correlation could be observed between concentrations of chloroanisoles and PCP in house dust and indoor air. However, chloroanisoles are good indicators for possible PCP-treatment of wood in frame houses and their detection should initiate investigations on PCP contamination. Research is continuing to identify the microorganisms involved and to devise a remediation procedure for affected houses.     

Gas-phase organics in environmental tobacco smoke: 2. Exposure-relevant emission factors and indirect exposures from habitual smoking

Sorption of emitted gas-phase organic compounds onto material surfaces affects environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) composition and exposures indoors. We have introduced a new metric, the exposure relevant emission factor (EREF) that accounts for sorptive uptake and reemission to give the mass of individual ETS constituents available for exposure over a day in which smoking occurs. This paper describes month-long experiments to investigate sorption effects on EREFs and potential ETS exposures under habitual smoking conditions. Cigarettes were smoked in a 50-m³ furnished room over a 3-h period 6–7 days per week, with continuous ventilation at 0.3, 0.6, or 2.1 h⁻¹. Organic gas concentrations were measured every few days over 4-h “smoking”, 10-h “post-smoking” and 10-h “background” periods. Concentration patterns of volatile ETS components including 1,3-butadiene, benzene and acrolein were similar to those calculated for a theoretical non-sorbing tracer, indicating limited sorption. Concentrations of ETS tracers, e.g. 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) and nicotine, and lower volatility toxic air contaminants including phenol, cresols, and naphthalene increased as experiments progressed, indicating mass accumulation on surfaces and higher desorption rates. Daily patterns stabilized after week 2, yielding a steady daily cycle of ETS concentrations associated with habitual smoking. EREFs for sorbing compounds were higher under steady cycle versus single-day smoking conditions by 50% for 3-EP, and by 2–3 times for nicotine, phenol, cresols, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Our results provide relevant information about potential indirect exposures from residual ETS (non-smoker enters room shortly after smoker finishes) and from reemission, and their importance relative to direct exposures (non-smoker present during smoking). Under the conditions examined, indirect exposures accounted for a larger fraction of total potential exposures for sorbing versus non-sorbing compounds, and at lower versus higher ventilation rates. Increasing ventilation can reduce indirect exposures to very low levels for non-sorbing ETS components, but indirect routes accounted for 50% of potential nicotine exposures during non-smoking periods at all ventilation rates.     

固定化催化剂光反应器降解有机物研究进展

本文系统介绍了在TiO2 的非悬浆式体系中 ,光催化氧化有机污染物效率的影响因素、新型光反应器的特点以及污染物的降解动力学规律。可以预见 ,光催化氧化与传统的处理方法相比 ,有着良好的应用前景。