CeO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解活性大红的研究

选取活性大红染料为降解目标物,研究了用实验室合成的氧化铈掺杂二氧化钛为催化剂存在下的超声反应。研究结果表明,CeO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解酸性大红的效果优于非掺杂的锐钛矿型TiO2的情况。在溶液pH1.0～3.0、活性大红质量浓度为20 mg/L、溶液用量50 mL、催化剂用量0.5 g/L～1.0 g/L的条件下,用输出功率5.0 W/cm^2和频率25 kHz的超声波照射80 min,活性大红降解率可达98.4%.     

超声-微电解法预处理焦化废水

采用超声-微电解法预处理焦化废水,结果表明,联用处理效果优于超声波法或铁碳微电解法单独处理效果。当反应条件为超声波声功率180 W、曝气量1.5 L/min、投加铁屑量80 g/L、处理时间90 min时,COD去除率可达24%,NH3-N的去除率达30%,挥发酚的去除率达32%。     

生物去除H2S废气装置中EPS的提取和分析方法

为了研究生物滴滤塔去除H2S的生物膜降解机理,采用超声波法剥落滴滤塔内填料上的生物膜,在超声25 min时可以获得较好的提取效果;采用苯酚硫酸法测定胞外聚合物多糖时回收率为98.1%,具有较好地稳定性,简单、方便。     

高频超声降解偶氮染料活性红MX-5B废水的研究

采用高频超声降解偶氮染料活性红MX-5B模拟废水,考察了溶液初始pH值、超声参数、曝气、Fe2+浓度以及多频效应对活性红MX-5B超声降解过程的影响,并初步探讨了活性红MX-5B的超声降解规律.结果表明,酸性条件下,高频超声能有效降解MX-5B,当pH=3.5,f=418.3kHz,P=69W时,反应180 min后,MX-5B模拟废水脱色完全.微量Fe2+与超声空化产生的H2 O2形成类Fenton体系,可强化MX-5B的脱色反应.曝气有利于MX-5B脱色,但影响不大.多频超声对MX-5B的脱色效果优于单频超声处理效果.超声降解MX-5B以自由基氧化机制为主,并遵循表观一级反应动力学.染料分子中的NN形成的共轭发色体系已完全破坏,芳香结构也大部分遭到了羟基自由基的破坏.     

超声波-缺氧/好氧消化过程污泥EPS、酶活性及菌落数的变化研究

为研究超声波促进污泥缺氧/好氧消化的机理,采用最佳超声波参数（超声频率28kHz,超声密度0.1W.mL-1,超声时间15min,超声间隔时间12h）与缺氧/好氧消化衔接进行间歇试验,研究了消化过程中污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）组分（蛋白质、多糖、DNA）和相应溶出物占总量的比例,以及酶活性（蛋白酶,脱氢酶）和菌落数的变化...     

Degradation of bisphenol-A using ultrasonic irradiation assisted by low-concentration hydrogen peroxide

This study investigated the degradation of bisphenol-A (BPA) by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of different additives (H2O2,air bubbles and humic acid) under various operating conditions,i.e.,ultrasonic frequency,power intensity and power density.The results demonstrated that the BPA degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics under different experimental conditions.The optimum power intensities were 0.9,1.8,and 3.0W/cm 2 at the frequencies of 400,670,and 800 kHz,respectively.At the fixed frequ...     

Pretreatment of heterocyclic pesticide wastewater using ultrasonic/ozone combined process

Ultrasonic/O3 combined process was employed to pretreat heterocyclic pesticide wastewater for increasing biodegradability and reducing biological toxicity. Influences of ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, probe diameter, initial pH and O3 dosage on the COD removal were studied. The results showed that the ultrasonic/O3 process significantly improved the biodegradability and reduced the biological toxicity of the wastewater. The ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.03 to 0.55 and the EC50 increased from 11% to 52% under ultrasonic/O3 treatment. Low ultrasonic frequency brought better COD removal. Initial pH was found to have a high influence on the COD removal and alkaline conditions were more favorable. The influences of ultrasonic power and probe diameter were small. With an increase in O3 dosage, COD removal was e ectively improved. The optimal operational parameters for the combined process on COD removal were ultrasonic frequency 20 kHz, initial pH 9.00, ultrasonic power 300Wand dosage of O3 454.8 mg/(L min), under which the e ciency of COD removal reached 67.2%.     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and its sludge dewaterability

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and sludge dewaterability and further to probe into the influencing factors on sludge dewaterability, sludge flocs were stratified into four fractions: (1) slime; (2) loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS); (3) tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS); and (4) EPS-free pellets. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment increased the anaerobic digestion efficiency by 7%–8%. Anaerobic digestion without ultrasonic pretreatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, with the capillary suction time (CST) increased from 1.42 to 47.3 (sec L)/g-TSS. The application of ultrasonic pretreatment firstly deteriorated the sludge dewaterability (normalized CST increased to 44.4 (sec L)/g-TSS), while subsequent anaerobic digestion offset this effect and ultimately decreased the normalized CST to 23.2 (sec L)/g-TSS. The dewaterability of unsonicated sludge correlated with protein (p = 0.003) and polysaccharide (p = 0.004) concentrations in the slime fraction, while that of sonicated sludge correlated with protein concentrations in the slime and LB-EPS fractions (p < 0.05). Fluorescent excitationemission matrix analysis showed that the fluorescence matters in the LB-EPS fraction significantly correlated with sludge dewaterability during anarobic digestion.     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法的研究

重点介绍了以四氯化碳为萃取剂,利用超声波清洗仪萃取土壤中的油类物质,红外分光光度法测定土壤中的矿物油含量的方法。实验表明此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数可达0．9999。方法检出限为0．50mg／kg。平行样品间分析、试剂空白加标与基体加标回收率均能满足样品分析对精密度和准确度的要求。     

汽车发动机超声清洗废水处理实验研究

汽车发动机超声清洗废水中含有有机油、表面活性剂等物质,呈黑色,COD较高,较难处理。本实验采用化学絮凝法对其进行处理,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,在pH 7.2~8.2范围内,向样品中投入PAC400 mg/L,PAM50 mg/L,氯化钙200 mg/L时,处理效果明显,COD去除率达到96.7%。