Roe and red deer as bioindicators of heavy metals contamination in north-western Poland

The present paper examines the degree of environmental contamination in areas covered by the Natura 2000 programme, located in north-western Poland, with selected heavy metals based on their concentration in target organs of roe and red deer. Lead, cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. Residues of lead and cadmium were found in most of the analysed samples of roe and red deer organs The concentration of cadmium in the organs of the animals studied was much higher than that of lead. The median for Pb in liver and kidneys was 0.055 and 0.092 μg/g dry weight (d.w.) in roe deer, and 0.067 and 0.081 μg/g d.w. in red deer, respectively. The median for liver and kidney cadmium was 0.770 and 6.139 μg/g d.w. in roe deer, and 0.422 and 6.365 μg/g d.w. in red deer, respectively. Our study has demonstrated that this area is laden with lead and cadmium. This is evidenced by the fact that maximum permissible levels of these elements in the organs of red and roe deer, which were used as bioindicators of environmental contamination, were exceeded.     

Efficiency of mercapto flavor compounds in removing acrylamide under high temperature and low humidity conditions

Acrylamide (AA) is a potential human carcinogen, genotoxicant, and neurotoxicant. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the ability of mercapto flavor compounds to remove AA released from consumer packaging into food products. Four mercapto flavor compounds including 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1-butanethiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and 2-furanmethanethiol were employed to extract AA in model system using high temperature and low humidity. Our study showed that mercaptans were effective in eliminating AA in our model system. In order to remove 0.2 μmol AA, the optimal conditions in the reaction system were mercaptan flavor chemicals at 5 μmol, temperature 180 °C, and reaction time 25 min. In the presence of a higher pH, the greater was the amount of AA eliminated. Evidence indicates that employment of mercapto flavor chemicals under certain temperature and pH conditions is a reliable method to remove any unwanted AA from food products.     

有机污染物的光催化降解过程中的分析技术进展

本文对有机物的光催化降解动力学研究 ,降解产物的鉴定、定量检测等过程中所使用的一些分析技术和手段 ,尤其是在有机物的光降解机理研究中羟自由基的检测技术和方法进行了综述     

3种染料化合物在UV-TiO2/H2O2和UV-TiO2体系中的光催化降解研究

采用自制的TiO2膜和平板式固定床型光催化氧化反应装置,对甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B 3种含有不同生色基团的染料化合物进行了TiO2光催化氧化降解研究,通过对照测定降解过程中吸光度、电导率、pH的变化,分析了在加入和不加入H2O22种情况下降解过程的异同,比较了3种染料化合物脱色的难易程度,揭示了降解产物中无机离子的变化规律及某些可能的产物类型.     

ACF电吸附去除饮用水中的硝酸盐

电吸附除盐技术是一种新型的饮用水处理技术,具有能耗低、无二次污染和电极可重复利用等优点。采用活性炭纤维(ACF)作为电极材料对其电吸附去除水中的硝酸盐进行了研究,考察了电压、pH、流速、初始浓度等因素对电吸附效率的影响以及超声处理对电极脱附和再次利用的影响。结果表明,电吸附作用对硝酸盐的去除有较高的效率,最佳的工艺条件为:电压1.0 V,pH为5.0~6.0,进水流速10 mL·min-1,初始NO3--N浓度为25~30 mg·L-1,在该条件下硝酸盐去除效率为68.3%~72.62%。超声处理对电极的脱附作用和再生效率有较大的改善和提高,超声处理过的电极比未处理的电极对硝酸盐的去除率可提高16.10%~18.98%。     

颗粒物质金属形态逐级提取技术问题的探讨

本文综述了国内外对颗粒物质中金属形态逐级提取测定技术方面的研究情况，重点阐述了颗粒物质金属形态分离方法，并对各相态的浸取技术和金属总量提取方法进行了讨论．从而为开展颗粒物质的金属化学形态的分析和研究，提出几点认识．     

二十年来渤海生态环境参数的演化和相互关系

通过系统分析近２０ａ来渤海中部海域３ａ（１９８２－１９８３，１９９２－１９９３，１９９８－１９９９年）１０航次的生态环境特征参数的变化，描述了变化趋势，初步讨论了各种特征参数之间的相互关系。研究发现，近２０ａ来，渤海中部营养盐的浓度和结构（Ｎ／Ｐ和Ｓｉ／Ｎ）均发生显著变化，表现为：硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总无机氮持续增加，活性磷和硅显著降低，Ｎ／Ｐ值升高，Ｓｉ／Ｎ值下降。Ｎ／Ｐ值３ａ的五月和十月平均值分     

臭氧和模拟酸雨对冬小麦气体交换、生长和产量的复合影响

为探明酸雨和臭氧(O3)对作物是否存在复合影响,运用田间原位开顶气室研究了pH4.0模拟酸雨(SAR)和O3对冬小麦气体交换、生长和产量的影响.该实验包括3种处理:CF处理采用经活性炭过滤后的空气,作为对照;CF100处理采用经活性炭过滤后的空气加人恒定浓度为100 nL·L-1的O3;CF100 SAR处理为在CF100的基础上对冬小麦喷施pH 4.0模拟酸雨,喷施量为150 mL·m-2,每10d一次.结果表明:①CF100和CF100 SAR组冬小麦叶片细胞膜系统受到破坏,光合色素含量和气体交换参数降低,抑制了作物生长,导致生物量和产量下降.与CF相比,CF100和CF100 SAR处理下冬小麦产量分别降低了68.2%和63.6%;②与CF100组相比,CF100 SAR组对冬小麦细胞膜系统和叶绿素a含量产生显著的复合影响(p＜0.05),而对叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量、气体交换、小麦生长、生物量和产量的复合影响不显著.     

鞍山市双岭水泥厂污染状况调查及环境影响防治对策

通过对鞍山市双岭水泥厂污染源及周边环境的调查监测，搞清污染物的主要来源、厂区周边空气环境的质量，并评价了该厂对周边环境的影响。     

Chemical characteristics of cloudwater over Maoer Mountain district

Samples of cloudwater, rainwater and ambient aerosol were collected over Maoer Mountain in the northeast of Guangxi Province in March 1988. The pH value of cloudwater ranged from 3.37 to 6.20 with a mean value of 4.34. SO42- , NO3- , NH4+, Ca2+ and H+ were the principal ionic species of cloudwater. The advance of cold fronts into Maoer Mountain appeared to lead to higher major ionic concentration and acidity than that of warm fronts. The relative acidity and concentration of NO3- of cloudwater were much greater than that of aerosol samples. With the exception of. NO3- and H+, most of the concentration of SO42- and NH4+ in cloudwater came from the nucleation scavenging of aerosol. Gaseous nitric acid and organic acid from local may be one of the important source of cloudwater acidity. Compared with other sites, Maoer Mountain can be as a clean contrast station for studying acidic precipitation in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces.