青藏铁路用空气弹簧橡胶胶料耐紫外线老化试验研究

我国正在建设的青藏铁路是世界上海拔最高、线路最长的高原铁路.其气候特点对橡胶制品提出了新的技术要求,为适应在该气候条件下的运用需要,进行了针对空气弹簧胶囊用橡胶的耐紫外线老化试验研究工作,试验表明随着紫外线老化时间的增加,其硬度和300%定伸强度均提高,但拉伸强度和扯断伸长率随着紫外线老化时间的增加而降低;通过与胶料的耐臭氧试验和大气老化试验比较,基本可以认为引起空气弹簧胶囊表面龟裂的主要原因是受力状况、臭氧和大气老化的作用,而紫外线对橡胶的表面龟裂影响作用不大,因此,为提高空气弹簧胶囊的耐老化性能,主要考虑降低橡胶的受力,提高耐臭氧和耐大气老化性能.     

氯对紫外线灭活枯草芽孢杆菌的协同作用

以枯草芽孢杆菌为研究对象,研究了紫外线和氯单独及联合作用时的灭菌效果.结果表明,单独氯消毒时,对枯草芽孢杆菌的灭活效果很低,CT值为300(mg·min)/L时,灭活率仅为0.53个对数级;单独紫外线消毒对枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的灭活效果,紫外线剂量为40mJ/cm²时,对其有3.3个对数级的灭活效果.紫外线和氯联合消毒时,对枯草芽孢杆菌的灭活效果大大增强,当紫外线剂量为40mJ/cm²,氯的CT值为300(mg·min)/L时,对枯草芽孢杆菌的灭活率可达6.2个对数级,远高于二者单独作用效果之和.紫外线与氯的作用顺序对消毒效果有明显影响,以先紫外线照射后再加氯的效果最好.通过Berenbaum公式计算可知,紫外线与氯联合灭菌是一种协同作用,并且随着紫外线剂量及氯投量的增加,协同作用增强.     

Fe^3＋掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒复合材料的光催化性能

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Fe^3＋掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒（Fe^3＋-TiO2/ATP）复合光催化剂材料。在可见光条件下,以亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液的光催化降解反应,评价了样品的光催化性能,研究了TiO2负载量、Fe^3＋掺杂量和焙烧温度对复合材料光催化性能的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验设计（L25（53））优化了催化剂的制备条件。光催化实验结果表明,MB在复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood（L-H）动力学模型。正交实验结果表明,当TiO2负载量为15%、Fe^3＋掺杂量为0.5%和焙烧温度为550℃时,得到的复合材料对MB的光催化降解效率最佳,测得表观反应速率常数kapp为6.09×10^-3min^-1,反应4 h后MB的降解率（Dt）可达75.88%,相同实验条件下与P25（1.51×10^-3min^-1）相比较,反应速率提高了4.03倍,降解率提高了45.05%。另外,复合材料的沉降性能优于P25,易于分离,是一类有应用前景的复合光催化剂。敏世雄王芳魏立强王永生冯雷佟永纯韩玉琦     

氮掺杂TiO2可见光光催化剂的制备及性能

以尿素和钛酸丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法低温下制备了高可见光催化活性的氮掺杂TiO2(NDT)光催化剂,采用XRD、TEM、BET和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对其进行了表征,并在自制光催化反应器中降解甲基橙评价了样品的光催化活性。结果表明,当氮与钛的摩尔比为0.5∶1时,350℃焙烧的样品(NDT350)具有最佳的可见光光谱吸收和光催化活性,该催化剂为锐钛矿晶相,平均粒径为21 nm,比表面积为89.13 m2/g。可见光辐照下,NDT350降解甲基橙的表观反应速率常数为1.381×10-2min-1,是商业P25催化剂的16.85倍。NDT350优良的可见光催化活性与其大的比表面积和强烈的可见光光谱吸收有关。     

清浊分流条件下的混凝-臭氧处理棉针织印染清废水

根据污染源头控制和废水回用的要求,对典型棉针织染整厂的不同生产过程废水排水水质特征进行了统计分析,提出了较实用的废水源头清浊分流方案。在此基础上重点研究了混凝-臭氧组合工艺对清废水处理效果,确定了最优的工艺条件。结果表明,清废水主要为洗水,占废水总量的25%～30%;混凝-臭氧组合工艺的最优工艺条件为：pH为6～9,PAC投加量为48 mg/L,PAM投加量为1.0 mg/L,臭氧接触时间为12 min（臭氧浓度为14.5 mg/L）,这时,清废水COD、色度去除率分别为71%和98%,实践证明,出水水质完全能够满足染整生产。     

紫外辐照-催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术处理酸性大红GR染料废水

采用自制的负载型CuO-ZnO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,常温常压下通过紫外辐照-催化湿式氧化技术处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水。考察了催化剂加入量、H2O2加入量、废水pH、反应时间、初始酸性大红GR质量浓度等对废水脱色率的影响。实验得到最佳工艺条件为初始酸性大红GR质量浓度200mg/L,催化剂加入量10.0g/L,H2O2加入量2.0mL/L,废水pH4,反应时间2h。最佳工艺条件下废水脱色率达99.33%。     

Characterization of Organic Compounds in Compost-Amended Soil

Samples of compost-amended soil from waste dumping sites in Lagos Metropolis were extracted with dichloromethane (3 × 20 cm³) and the extract was evaporated at 35 °>C. The residue was extracted with 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and portions of the solution were applied to a column containing silica gel from which aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were eluted with n-hexane and toluene respectively. Analysis of the n-hexane fraction using gas chromatography showed the presence of a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, ranging from C₉ to C₂₅, while ultraviolet analysis of the toluene fraction suggested 1,2-benzanthracene; 2,3-benzphenanthrene, chrysene and pyrene as polyaromatic compounds present in samples analyzed. The crude extracts were highly coloured and viscous. Total extractable organic residues in the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane extracts ranged from 36 to 89 mg g^-1 of soil.     

Phototransformation of herbicide metsulfuron methyl

Phototransformation of the herbicide metsulfuron methyl was investigated on glass surface under sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) light and compared with dark condition. The half-lives of metsulfuron methyl under UV light and sunlight were found to be 0.5 and 7.8 days respectively. Rate of phototransformation followed first order kinetics with significant correlation coefficient. The major photoproducts were identified as methyl-2-sulfonyl-amino-benzoate, 2-amino-6-methoxy-4-methyltriazine and saccharin (O-sulfobenzoimide). Various metabolites from this study were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Authentic samples required for HPLC comparison were prepared in laboratory and characterized on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infra red (IR) spectral data. These metabolites were also identified from metsulfuron methyl treated wheat field soil.     

Rain‐washing of foliar deposits of Dimilin®WP‐25 formulated in four different carrier liquids

Abstract

Dimilin^® WP‐25, a wettable powder formulation of diflubenzuron (DFB) [1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐(2,6‐difluorobenzoyl) urea], was formulated in four different carrier liquids, viz., water; a light petroleum paraffinic oil, ID 585; a heavy paraffinic oil, Sunspray^® 7N; and a 1:2 mixture of a light petroleum aromatic solvent (Cyclosol^® 63) and canola oil; to provide four end‐use mixtures, Dim‐W, Dim‐585, Dim‐7N and Dim‐Cy‐C respectively, each containing 28 g of DFB per litre. Balsam fir branch tips clipped from greenhouse‐grown seedlings, and sugar maple branch tips clipped from field‐grown young trees, were exposed to uniform‐sized droplets (ranging in diameters from 135 to 190 μm) of the four end‐use mixtures which were atomized using a monodispersed droplet generator. Droplets were collected on the fir and maple branch tips and the initial residue per g fresh weight of foliage was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The branch tips were exposed to cumulative rainfall of 3, 6 and 10 mm at an intensity of 5 mm/h and at time intervals of 1, 12, 36 and 72 h after DFB treatment, to test the influence of ‘ageing’ of foliar residues on rainfastness. Foliar samples were collected for residue determination just before the onset of rainfall, and at 0.5 h post‐rain. DFB was quantified by the HPLC method. In the case of fir foliage, the Dim‐W formulation was the most susceptible to rain‐washing and the rainfastness did not increase with the ageing period of foliar deposits. In contrast, the three oil‐based mixtures showed greater rainfastness depending upon the carrier liquid and the ageing period. Rainfastness decreased in the order of Dim‐Cy‐C > Dim‐7N > Dim‐585 > Dim‐W. In contrast, the data on maple foliage indicated that the ageing of deposits increased the rainfastness of all the 4 end‐use mixtures. Dim‐585 was the most susceptible to rain washing, and rainfastness decreased in the order of Dim‐W > Dim‐Cy‐C > Dim‐7N > Dim‐585.