Ag@AgCl催化剂的制备及可见光降解三聚氰胺

在超声波辅助作用下制备了Ag@AgCl可见光催化剂,采用紫外可见分光光度计、扫描电镜(SEM)对该催化剂进行了表征,该催化剂在可见光区有较强的吸收,粒径在微米级.以三聚氰胺为模型化合物测试其可见光催化性能.研究发现,该催化剂在可见光照下,不仅可以使三聚氰胺发生脱氨基反应,而且能使其环结构破坏,但却不能催化氰脲酸降解.通过除氧实验、空穴捕获、顺磁共振等实验测试,对其可能的催化降解机理进行了探讨.     

漂珠负载Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3光催化剂的制备及其处理含油废水性能

以漂珠为载体制备了Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3可见光响应催化剂。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM和DRS等表征手段对制备的催化剂进行了结构和形貌研究。以4#燃料油配制模拟含油废水,研究了催化剂在可见光作用下的光催化性能。表征结果显示:Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3成功负载到漂珠载体上,以四方相β-Bi_2O_3、α-Bi_2O_3和Ce O_2的形式存在;与空白Bi_2O_3相比,Ce掺杂Bi_2O_3固有的边带吸收波长拓展至544 nm。实验结果表明,在500℃条件下焙烧3 h制备的催化剂光催化效率最高,光照70 min时,油去除率可达88%。     

喷射环流三相光催化反应器可见光下降解酸性湖兰A的研究

设计了一种喷射环流三相光催化反应器。用该反应器在可见光下,对染料酸性湖兰A在不同初始浓度、催化剂浓度、pH、光照时间下光催化降解脱色率的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,反应最佳pH为6,反应最佳时间为20min,催化剂最佳投加量为8g／L。在最优条件下,染料脱色率达90％以上。     

O(1D)与CF3Cl的反应研究

研究ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ－Ｏ₃体系在２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光照射下所引发的Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应．Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应最终产物为ＣＦ₂Ｏ、Ｆ₂、Ｃｌ₂,并讨论了Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应机理．研究表明,在本实验条件的２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光作用下,ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ自身不发生解离,同时Ｏ（³Ｐ）不与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ发生反应．此外外加气体（氮气、氧气）对Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应有较强的淬灭作用     

上转换发光剂掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及可见光降解乙基紫的研究

合成了一种新型含有稀土金属Er的上转换发光剂40CdF₂·60BaF₂·1.6Er₂O₃,此上转换发光剂在488 nm可见光的激发下,产生了5个波长均小于387 nm的上转换紫外光发射峰.采用超声波分散的方法制备出了上转换发光剂掺杂的纳米TiO₂可见光光催化剂.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行了表征.以乙基紫染料为研究对象,研究了在(三基色灯下发出的)可见光的照射下该可见光光催化剂的催化降解性能,并与未掺杂的纳米TiO₂粉末的催化性能进行了对比.结果表明,作为掺杂成分的上转换发光剂可有效地将可见光转化为紫外光并被纳米TiO₂粉末吸收利用,在可见光照射12.0 h后乙基紫降解率达到了99.68%,大大高于未掺杂纳米TiO2时的降解率.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by visible light-responsive iron-doped TiO2 and spontaneous sedimentation of the TiO2 particles

Fe-doped TiO₂ was prepared by the calcination of Fe_xTiS₂ (x = 0, 0.002, 0.005, 0.008, 0.01) and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. All the Fe-doped TiO₂ were composed of an anatase crystal form and showed red shifts to a longer wavelength. The activity of the Fe-doped TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol was investigated by varying the iron content during UV (365 nm) and visible light (405 nm and 436 nm) irradiation. The degradation rate depended on the Fe content and the Fe-doped TiO₂ was responsive to the visible light as well as the elevated activity toward UV light. The molar ratio of 0.005 was the optimum for both the UV and visible light irradiations. The result was discussed on the basis of the balance of the excited electron–hole trap by the doped Fe³⁺ and their charge recombination on the doped Fe³⁺ level. The Fe-doped TiO₂ (x = 0.005) was more active than P25 TiO₂ under solar light irradiation. The suspended Fe-doped TiO₂ spontaneously precipitated once the stirring of the reaction mixture was terminated.     

垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液处置工艺中溶解性有机物变化特性

采用“物化+生物处理+深度处理”组合工艺处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,探索组合工艺对渗滤液的实际去除效果,考察渗滤液中溶解性有机物(DOM)的组成及其结构特性随组合工艺的变化规律,并对其机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,当进水COD和氨氮的平均值分别为17825,1946mg/L时,组合工艺对渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率均达到99%左右,出水COD、氨氮、色度分别为57mg/L、5mg/L、15倍.组合工艺对渗滤液DOM中腐殖酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)和亲水性有机物(HyI)的去除率均达到99%左右,对HA、FA、HyI削减显著的工艺单元分别为混凝2、厌氧和颗粒活性炭(GAC),削减率分别达到86%、77%和84%.出水HA、FA和HyI的COD浓度分别为10,23,6mg/L,其中分子量较小的FA为出水主要组分.随着组合工艺处理过程的进行,渗滤液中DOM的紫外区吸光度值显著下降,DOM的E254、E253/E203分别由1.55、0.64下降至0.012和0.024,说明DOM的芳香性和复杂程度显著降低,脂肪链芳香化合物逐渐增加;此外,E300/E400和E465/E665分别由2.65和2.17增加至9.78和8.03,表明渗滤液中溶解性有机物腐殖化程度不断降低,芳香构化程度不断减小.     

利用侧光光纤优化生物反应器固定CO_2的研究

为了研究Chlorella sp.固定CO2的效果,降低能耗,采用自制生物光照反应器并选用侧光光纤作为光源。实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,通入浓度为10%CO2后,Chlorella sp.的生长明显加快。当选择红光和蓝光作为侧光光纤的光源交替运行,2 mm与3 mm光纤各28根耦合于16 W的光源发生器,较120 W LED外置光源而言,每瓦可提升6倍的生长速率。     

计算机图像处理技术在污水处理絮凝效果检测中的应用

采用图像处理技术,分析污水处理过程中投药量与絮凝图像的等效直径、分形维数和浓度特征参数之间的关系。考虑到投药自动控制的实际运行环境和实时性要求,采用Retinex算法解决光照不均现象,在图像处理主要环节上均采用小计算量算法。分析结果表明:在实际的自动控制中具有较好的实用性。     

Hepatotoxic and haematological effects of Nigerian Bonny light crude oil in male albino rats

The effect of Bonny light crude oil was assessed in adult albino rats. The rats were administered with 200, 400, and 800?mg/kg of the crude oil orally for 7 days. Fluid intake was measured daily, and the initial and final animal body weight recorded. Oral crude oil at these doses produced no effect on feed and fluid intake between the test groups and the control group. There was a significant decrease in body weight compared to the control group after 7 days of treatment with the different doses of crude oil.

The toxic effects of the liver and hematological effects were assessed. The packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell (WBC) of the 200?mg/kg group were significantly decreased compared to the respective control values. Administration of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of Bonny light crude oil, caused a significant dose-dependent increase in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels, but a significant decrease in the alkaline phosphatase (AP) level compared to the control. Histological examination indicates that crude oil induced severe pathologic changes in the forms of necrosis and oedema.