TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4光催化剂的制备及其紫外光催化性能

采用化学沉淀法(两步法)制备了TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂,考察了该光催化剂紫外光催化降解阳离子染料番红花红T(简称ST)的性能。实验结果表明:在TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4投加量0.7 g/L,初始ST质量浓度70 mg/L、不调节溶液pH的条件下,紫外光照射35 min时的ST降解率高达97.9%;TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显优于单一光催化剂Ag_3PO_4和TiO_2,同时也明显优于Ag-AgCl/Ag_3PO_4复合光催化剂;避光条件下反应40 min,TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4对ST的吸附量仅为2.3 mg/g;TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4在室内自然光下也具有一定的光催化活性;TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4的光催化活性在酸性条件下要优于碱性条件;TiO_2-Ag_3PO_4重复使用5次后,其光催化活性无明显下降,稳定性较好。     

Removal of fluorescence and ultraviolet absorbance of dissolved organic matter in reclaimed water by solar light

Storing reclaimed water in lakes is a widely used method of accommodating changes in the consumption of reclaimed water during wastewater reclamation and reuse. Solar light serves as an important function in degrading pollutants during storage, and its effect on dissolved organic matter(DOM) was investigated in this study. Solar light significantly decreased the UV_(254) absorbance and fluorescence(FLU) intensity of reclaimed water.However, its effect on the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) value of reclaimed water was very limited. The decrease in the UV_(254) absorbance intensity and FLU excitation–emission matrix regional integration volume(FLU volume) of reclaimed water during solar light irradiation was fit with pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The decrease of UV_(254) absorbance was much slower than that of the FLU volume. Ultraviolet light in solar light had a key role in decreasing the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity during solar light irradiation. The light fluence-based removal kinetic constants of the UV_(254) and FLU intensity were independent of light intensity. The peaks of the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity with an apparent molecular weight(AMW) of 100 Da to 2000 Da decreased after solar irradiation, whereas the DOC value of the major peaks did not significantly change.     

Removing lignin model pollutants with BiFeO3–g-C3N4 compound as an efficient visible-light-heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst

BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 nanoscaled composite was prepared with a hydrothermal method and evaluated as a highly efficient photo-Fenton like catalyst under visible light irradiation. The BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite exhibited much stronger adsorption ability to lignin model pollutant(guaiacol) than that of BiFeO_3, which may be due to the higher specific surface area(BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4: 35.59 m~2/g BiFeO_3: 7.42 m~2/g) and the adsorption form of π–π stack between g-C_3N_4 and guaiacol. The composite exhibited excellent visible light-Fenton like catalysis activity, being influenced by the solution pH value and the proportions of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets. Under optimal conditions with visible light irradiation, the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite yielded fast degradation of guaiacol with an apparent rate constant of 0.0452 min~(-1), which were 5.21 and 6.80 folds of that achieved by using BiFeO_3 and the mixture of BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 nanosheets, respectively. The significantly enhanced visible light-Fenton like catalytic properties of the BiFeO_3–g-C_3N_4 composite in comparison with that of BiFeO_3 was attributed to a large surface area, much increased adsorption capacity and the semiconductor coupling effect between BiFeO_3 and g-C_3N_4 in the composite.     

Clockwork blue: on the evolution of non-image-forming retinal photoreceptors in marine and terrestrial vertebrates

This paper presents a hypothesis that could explain why blue light appears to dominate non-image-forming (NIF) ocular photoreception in marine as well as terrestrial vertebrates. Indeed, there is more and more evidence suggesting that 'novel' retinal photoreceptors, which are sensitive to blue light and were only discovered in the 1990s, could be a feature shared by all vertebrates. In our view, blue light photoreception evolved and persisted as NIF photoreception because it has been useful in the colonisation of extensive photo-dependent oceanic habitats and facilitated the move of vertebrates from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. Because the available scattered evidence is compatible with the validity of our hypothesis, we hope that our rationale will be followed up. Indeed, it (1) involves testable predictions, (2) provides plausible explanations for previous observations, (3) unites phenomena not previously considered related to one another and (4) suggests tests that have not been carried out before. Overall, our approach not only embraces cross-disciplinary links; it, moreover, serves as a reminder of an all-embracing evolutionary history, especially with regard to a ubiquitous photoreceptive 'clockwork-blue' in marine and terrestrial vertebrates.     

紫外线消毒系统中强度分布的理论计算与生物验证对比

应用以MPSS模型为基础的计算软件UV calc对某饮用水紫外线消毒反应器进行强度分布的计算,同时,采用枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC9372)作为受试菌种进行生物验证.结果显示,在该反应器中理论计算数值总体上明显高于生物验证的数值,反应器中最低紫外剂量区域出现在2支灯管之间的反应器壁附近.另外,理论计算和生物验证的误差与流量、透光率具有相关性.在高流量、低透光率的情况下,理论计算的数值更接近于生物验证数值.相对于理论计算,生物验证是确定紫外线反应器剂量反应曲线的可靠方法.     

CuFe_2O_4纳米粉体的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用柠檬酸络合溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米尖晶石型CuFe2O4化合物,用X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及透射电子显微镜对材料的晶体结构、形貌进行了分析和表征。结果表明:CuFe2O4为尖晶石型结构(JCPDS:34-0425),颗粒分布均匀,粒径大约为30~60nm。利用紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱,得到吸收极限波长约为900nm,计算得到禁带宽度约为1.55eV。在碘钨灯灯(λ>400nm)照射下,在少量H2O2的存在下,纳米CuFe2O4粉体对罗丹明B有机物的80min脱色降解率可达到96%。表明:CuFe2O4光催化剂具有优异的可见光催化活性。     

浅谈轻质油罐腐蚀的防护措施

分析了轻质油罐的腐蚀特点及机理,针对油罐腐蚀的现状,提出了相应的对策。     

昆山市巴城镇室外光环境现状调查

随着中国城镇建设的快速发展,众多的光污染事件也随之产生。由于目前对光污染缺乏足够的重视和研究,使得光污染问题日益严重,因此研究光污染已成为当务之急。为了更具体的了解目前中国城镇的光污染状况,选择了苏南地区较典型的城镇进行了实地的调查和研究工作。文章对昆山市巴城镇的室外光环境状况和人们的光环境意识进行了实地的测量和问卷调查。通过调查,发现巴城镇的光污染状况并不十分严重,然而人们的光环境意识急待提高。     

Comparing Contaminant Removal Costs for Aquifer Recharge with Wastewater with Water Supply Benefits

The use of waters of impaired quality has been suggested as a means to expand available water resources supply for water‐limited communities. An ongoing concern is the safety of supplies that use wastewater because of the potential for introduction of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals into drinking water supplies. Prior research into contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) have included a variety of methods, but the only consistent removal is with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, ultraviolet light (UV), and advanced oxidation processes (AOP). However, few of these prior studies have measurable quantities of these contaminants in the influent wastewater, so determining actual removal percentages is difficult. This project was designed to evaluate the removal of CECs to verify that a 3‐log removal of common constituents was realized. Spike testing was used to compare to prior research and to evaluate whether the project costs were competitive with other forms of reuse or other water supplies. The combination of RO/UV/AOP was effective at obtaining a 3‐log removal of CECs, but the RO and UV/AOP processes alone were not capable of removing all substances. However, despite the extensive treatment, the proposed process was both competitive cost‐wise and met the water quality goals.     

Z-scheme V2O5-Ag2O/g-C3N4异质结制备及其可见光催化性能

采用原位生长法制备V₂O₅,并将其与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄水热复合制备V₂O₅-Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和UV-Vis DRS等方法对样品的形貌结构及光学性质进行表征.结果表明,V₂O₅成功掺杂在Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄上,与Ag₂O/g-C₃N₄相比,复合材料对可见光的吸收范围增大;在可见光照射180min后,V₂O₅掺杂量为15%的复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解率达到99.10%.经过3次循环降解后,复合材料对MB的降解率保持85%以上,表明其具有良好的稳定性.通过掩蔽实验推测,空穴(h⁺)是光催化体系中主要的活性物质,其光催化性能增强的机理是Ag₂O与g-C₃N₄复合界面形成p-n异质结,并与V₂O₅之间的复合过程符合Z-scheme可见光驱动机制,有效阻碍了光生电子-空穴对的复合,促进活性物质的产生.