对新疆某铀伴生煤矿辐射环境影响分析及污染防治探讨

通过对新疆某煤矿辐射环境影响问题的调查与分析,阐明铀伴生煤矿对周围环境存在着不同程度的放射性影响,并在调查与分析的基础上,针对调查煤矿日前存在的问题提出了一些污染防治的对策和措施,以期为今后伴生放射性煤矿的环境管理决策提供有力依据。     

紫外光降解黑索金(RDX)的研究

本课题对模拟废水中RDX在紫外光和氧化剂等作用下的光化学降解情况进行了研究.运用正交设计法来安排实验,获得了废水的酸碱度、过氧化氢与亚铁离子的投加量、紫外光照射的时间等RDX降解的最佳条件.自行设计了光化学降解装置.在最佳条件下对RDX模拟废水进行光化学处理,并利用721分光光度计以及TOC-500测试仪对实验结果进行鉴定,取得了较为满意的结果.     

微波紫外协同降解染料活性艳红X-3B研究

将微波激发的无极紫外灯应用于染料废水的处理研究,考察了反应过程中染料废水脱色率、TOC去除率、溶液pH以及反应前后染料废水高效液相色谱图的变化情况。染料活性艳红X-3B经无极紫外光处理110min后,脱色率达96％,TOC去除率达66％,降解效果明显好于单独使用微波或普通紫外灯的降解效果总和,溶液pH先降低后缓慢升高。     

长波紫外线对M13mp2噬菌体的致突变作用

以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,检测了长波紫外线（UVA）对M13mp2噬菌体单链DNAlacZα基因区域的致突变能力。结果显示,UVA照射可引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中,UVA照射的致突变作用更明显。进一步研究了抗氧化剂甘露醇对UVA照射致突变作用的影响,结果显示,0.1mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗UVA的致突变作用。说明UVA照射具有致突变作用,这种作用可能与DNA的氧化损伤有关     

真空紫外光-TiO2催化降解气态偏二甲肼

以钛箔为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法及浸渍-烘焙-煅烧法制备了负载型TiO₂薄膜,并进行了SEM,EDS,XRD表征。探讨了TiO₂薄膜对气态偏二甲肼的光催化降解效果,并对比研究了不同紫外光源、不同初始浓度对气态偏二甲肼降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：TiO₂均匀负载在钛箔上且为多孔状的薄膜;偏二甲肼质量浓度为877 mg/m³时,反应17 min后偏二甲肼的降解率为99.99%,500 mg/m³时反应60 min后偏二甲肼的矿化率达到41.58%。     

厦门市电磁环境解析

为了掌握厦门市电磁环境状况,于2014—2015年对厦门市进行网格分区季度监测,由监测数据发现厦门市区的电磁辐射强度较低,其整体电磁环境监测值符合《电磁环境控制限值》(GB 8702—2014)标准的要求。不同区域低频磁感应强度呈现工业区商业区文教居住区旅游风景区的特点,其中商业区、文教居住区比总体平均水平(0.181μT)略低;射频电磁辐射呈现工业区商业区旅游风景区文教居住区的特点,商业区、旅游风景区的平均辐射强度比较接近,接近平均水平(0.73 V/m);运用主成分法分析电场和磁场分布的综合特征,分布表现为4个主成分;还发现了4代不同代际移动通信信号的分布规律,一代、二代手机代表通讯频段信号强度更高,强信号覆盖的范围也更大;三代手机代表通讯频段信号在中心城区、商业区和个别旅游风景区较强;四代手机代表通讯频段信号在中心城区和商业区较强。     

基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管对策分析

移动通信基站是实现通信信号覆盖的重要设备,是保证移动信号覆盖范围与信号质量的基础支撑。现阶段,随着我国现代化、城市化进程不断加快,移动通信基站的架设密集度极大的增加,为实现移动信号全覆盖,为人们的生产生活提供便利发挥重要作用。但是,基站运行过程中,产生的电磁辐射可能会对人体健康造成不利影响。因此,加强基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管是非常必要的。本文对基站电磁辐射安全距离的有效评估进行了分析,提出了基站电磁辐射防护与环境监管的有效对策。     

The combined effect of uranium and gamma radiation on biological responses and oxidative stress induced in Arabidopsis thaliana

Uranium never occurs as a single pollutant in the environment, but always in combination with other stressors such as ionizing radiation. As effects induced by multiple contaminants can differ markedly from the effects induced by the individual stressors, this multiple pollution context should not be neglected. In this study, effects on growth, nutrient uptake and oxidative stress induced by the single stressors uranium and gamma radiation are compared with the effects induced by the combination of both stressors. By doing this, we aim to better understand the effects induced by the combined stressors but also to get more insight in stressor-specific response mechanisms. Eighteen-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were exposed for 3 days to 10 μM uranium and 3.5 Gy gamma radiation. Gamma radiation interfered with uranium uptake, resulting in decreased uranium concentrations in the roots, but with higher transport to the leaves. This resulted in a better root growth but increased leaf lipid peroxidation. For the other endpoints studied, effects under combined exposure were mostly determined by uranium presence and only limited influenced by gamma presence. Furthermore, an important role is suggested for CAT1/2/3 gene expression under uranium and mixed stressor conditions in the leaves.     

瓦斯爆炸中的火球伤害效应

针对瓦斯爆炸事故3种危害中的高温热辐射伤害进行研究,结合火灾爆炸事故中的火球热辐射的传播公式,得出适合井下瓦斯爆炸事故的火球传播规律公式.依据该公式划分了瓦斯爆炸事故中火球热辐射的死亡、重伤、轻伤的半径公式,为瓦斯爆炸事故安全评价提供了理论基础.     

Remote sensing: Using the spatial domain

Objects in the terrestrial environment interact differentially with electromagnetic radiation according to their essential physical, chemical and biological properties. This differential interaction is manifest as variability in scattered radiation according to wavelength, location, time, geometries of illumination and observation and polarization. If the population of scattered radiation could be measured, then estimation of these essential properties would be straightforward. The only problem would be linking such estimates to environmental variables of interest. This review paper is divided into three parts. Part 1 is an overview of the attempts that have been made to sample the five domains of scattered radiation (spectral, spatial, temporal, geometrical, polarization) and then to use the results of this sampling to estimate environmental variables of interest. Part one highlights three issues: first, that relationships between remotely sensed data and environmental variables of interest are indirect; second, our ability to estimate these environmental variables is dependent upon our ability to capture a sound representation of variability in scattered radiation and third, a considerable portion of the useful information in remotely sensed images resides in the spatial domain (within the relations between the pixels in the image). This final point is developed in Part 2 that explores ways in which the spatial domain is utilized to describe spatial variation in remotely sensed and ground data; to design optimum sampling schemes for image data and ground data and to increase the accuracy with which remotely sensed data can be used to estimate both discontinuous and continuous variables. Part 3 outlines two specific uses of information in the spatial domain; first, to select an optimum spatial resolution and second, to inform an image classification.