地震电磁辐射观测技术应用研究

通过对 6个震例的分析研究 ,总结出电磁辐射源来自陆域空间和海域空间的规律 ;震前电磁异常的识别及非震异常的特征与排除 ,并成功地进行了一次临震预报。     

紫外光降解气态氯苯的影响因素及其动力学研究

紫外光降解挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一种新型的废气处理技术.采用主波长为365 nm的500 W高压汞灯为光源,重点考察了空塔停留时间、氯苯初始浓度、反应介质等对氯苯光降解效果的影响.结果表明,在氯苯初始浓度较低时.氯苯去除率随着空塔停留时间的延长而呈线性升高.最大去除率达87%;而氯苯初始浓度过高时会使单位分子接受的光子和活性基团数量下降,引起氯苯去除率降低,空气介质中的O2和H2O在光照下可转化为活性基团.进而增强了光降解效果;而在氮气介质下光降解氯苯的效率大大降低,最大去除率仅为61%.在氯苯为0.36～8.64 mg/L时,紫外光降解氯苯遵循二级反应动力学方程.     

超声波对城市污水处理厂出水消毒的研究

对于城市污水处理厂出水,传统消毒方法存在很多的弊端,实验对超声波消毒进行研究,探索城市污水处理厂出水消毒的新工艺。采用21.51 kHz与32.36 kHz 2个频率的超声波,通过改变超声波的频率、强度、辐照时间等因子,考察总大肠菌群的灭活情况。对超声波消毒效果、消毒机理及超声波与紫外线协同消毒效果进行了研究探讨。结果表明,超声消毒效果随超声时间及声密度的增大而增大;时间和声密度相同情况下,32.36 kHz超声的消毒效果强于21.51 kHz;对水体进行少量曝气时,消毒效果明显增强。超声波消毒技术与紫外消毒技术联用,10 s超声波预处理加20 s紫外消毒,总大肠菌群灭活率可达到4.5个对数单位,要优于1 min紫外消毒达到的3.7个对数单位,且能耗更低。     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定渗滤液COD的研究

针对重铬酸钾法测定COD药剂耗费高、操作时间长、连续监测难、废液二次污染等问题,以垃圾渗滤液为例,阐述了双波长紫外分光光度法预测污水COD的操作方法及其消除悬浮物干扰的原理。结果表明,在水样悬浮物波动较大时,选取272 nm及550 nm的双波长预测模型较单波长预测模型和神经网络预测模型的预测结果更为准确。无需对水样进行任何化学预处理,不需过膜,便可消除悬浮物对测定结果的干扰,是一种准确、便捷的COD测定方法。     

Effect of modulated microwave radiation on human EEG asymmetry

This study is aimed to investigation of the effect of modulated 450 MHz microwave radiation on the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Ten cycles of the microwave exposure (1 min off and 1 min on) at fixed modulation frequency were applied on two groups of healthy volunteers. The first group of 13 subjects was exposed to microwave radiation modulated at 14 Hz and the second group of 15 subjects at 40 Hz frequency. The peak specific absorption rate (SAR) average over 1 g was 0.303 W/kg. Differences in SAR between hemispheres were up to 20 dB. Rod antenna was located from the left side of the head. Differences of relative changes in EEG energy between symmetric channels FP1–FP2, T3–T4, P3–P4 and O1–O2 in exposed and sham conditions were analysed. The results showed increase in EEG energy from the left side caused by microwave exposure. Statistical analysis done for the whole group of subjects didn’t reveal significant differences in inter-hemispheres asymmetry between exposed and sham conditions. However, statistical analysis performed for individual subjects detected significant differences in asymmetry caused by exposure for 15–35% of individuals.     

紫外光协助高锰酸钾降解四环素的研究

高锰酸钾氧化法在实际水处理中得到了一定的应用,但对有机污染物的去除和降解能力相对有限,为此提出了以外加紫外光照射协助高锰酸钾氧化的方法。以四环素作为模型污染物,考察了四环素浓度、高锰酸钾浓度、反应时间、初始pH条件和不同紫外光照射等的影响。结果表明,高锰酸钾能够氧化并去除四环素,紫外光照射明显提高了高锰酸钾对四环素的降解效果,并且254 nm紫外光照射对降解的促进作用远大于365 nm紫外光。在所考察的pH范围内,无论紫外光照射与否,高锰酸钾在酸性条件下的降解效率最高,中性条件较高,碱性条件次之。     

油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验研究

分析扬沸火灾形成的3个基本物理条件,给出扬沸三角形的概念,提出通过破坏3个基本条件中任一条件来抑制扬沸火灾发生的构想。为解决其防治问题建立小尺度油罐扬沸火灾防治模拟实验台,用沸石和双列盘管式冷却法对扬沸火灾防治进行了实验研究;通过对比两种方法施加前后的油层、油水界面、水层温度和火焰辐射,发现双列盘管式冷却法和沸石能有效地抑制扬沸的形成和降低扬沸的危害程度。从机理上分析,小尺度油罐扬沸火灾的防治方法可为扬沸火灾的防治提供一定的理论依据。     

Microwave-induced combustion of volatile organic compounds in an industrial flue gas over the magnetite fixed-bed

A modified domestic microwave oven was applied to heat a magnetite (Fe₃O₄) fixed-bed for continuous decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as acetone, n-hexane, and dichloromethane (DCM), in a simulated flue gas which contains VOCs equivalent to 2000 ppmv as DCM. Experimental results revealed that effect of the addition of water to the inlet stream on decomposition of DCM in the overall experiment was insignificant. Bulk temperature of the Fe₃O₄ fixed-bed was also found to reach 600 °C from an initial room temperature by 6.5 min under microwave radiation, even though the inlet gas was at a high gas hourly space velocity of 5240 h⁻¹ and a high relative humidity of 75%. Moreover, the VOCs in the inlet stream could be decomposed completely over the Fe₃O₄ fixed-bed by microwave heating at a power level of 645 W at heating time of 10 min. The conversion of VOCs is stable when the Fe₃O₄ fixed-bed has been heated longer than 10 min with microwave radiation. The microwave-induced heating upon Fe₃O₄ fixed-bed processing appears to be not only an energy efficient technique for air pollutions treatment but also a promising technology for variety of VOCs in a flue gas from industrial factory being decomposed simultaneously and completely.     

增强的UV—B辐射对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）不同叶位叶片生长、光合作用和呼吸作用的影响

在植物生长室中,黄瓜植株第1片真叶出现后,用人工UV－B光源照射60d,测定植物各叶位叶片的生长和生理活动。结果表明,UV－B辐射条件下,植物出叶时间被延迟,叶面积和叶干重下降,降幅与叶位高低正相关;叶片含水量降低,老龄叶片（1叶,下位叶）和幼龄叶片（第5叶,上位叶）的水分降幅均高于成年叶片（第3叶,中位叶）;叶片的伸展速度,叶片数目以及单叶面积减少,致使黄瓜总叶面积下降;植株节间长度缩短,是植株矮化的重要原因;根、茎、叶等器官之间的相关生长变化不大,叶片生长在其中起重要的协调作用。UV－B降低Pn和EAQE,对光合的抑制程度随叶位升高而增加,UV－B辐射后,黄瓜叶片的光呼吸显著提高,增幅与叶片发育阶段有关,UV－B对黄瓜第1叶的暗呼吸没有影响,第2、3叶略微下降,第4叶显著升高,分析认为,植株矮化叶面积减少有利于植物适应UV－B辐射;水分含量和光合作用减少、呼吸作用增强是黄瓜生长受抑制的生理基础。图2表2参18     

基于余弦模型的核电站周围环境γ辐射水平季节性分析

探讨了环境γ辐射水平的季节性变化趋势和规律,通过余弦模型对连云港田湾核电站2005—2008年度γ辐射连续监测自动站的月均值数据进行分析,并与实际值进行拟合比较,得到拟合曲线与实际曲线吻合,余弦模型能反映出γ辐射水平的季节性变化规律的结果。